Ball lightning - An electromagnetic hallucination?

A common ad-hoc-hypothesis tries to explain ball lightning (BL) as an electromagnetic (EM) brain effect caused by ordinary lightning, i.e. as a lightning-induced hallucination. A critical assessment of this alleged effect has to link the physical properties of lightning and its EM field with the neurophysiology of EM-induced hallucinations, so-called magnetophosphens. Using the clinical field of EM brain stimulation - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) - with its experimental phosphene data, the authors conclude that EM fields of nearby lightning flashes, because of their spatial configuration and magnetic induction, are unlikely to produce magnetophosphenes. Phosphenes do not appear in lightning accident reports. Phenomenologically, EM phosphenes as elementary hallucinations do not correspond to BL. © The International Journal of Meteorology

Ball lightning - An electromagnetic hallucination?

A common ad-hoc-hypothesis tries to explain ball lightning (BL) as an electromagnetic (EM) brain effect caused by ordinary lightning, i.e. as a lightning-induced hallucination. A critical assessment of this alleged effect has to link the physical properties of lightning and its EM field with the neurophysiology of EM-induced hallucinations, so-called magnetophosphens. Using the clinical field of EM brain stimulation - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) - with its experimental phosphene data, the authors conclude that EM fields of nearby lightning flashes, because of their spatial configuration and magnetic induction, are unlikely to produce magnetophosphenes. Phosphenes do not appear in lightning accident reports. Phenomenologically, EM phosphenes as elementary hallucinations do not correspond to BL. © The International Journal of Meteorology

Observation of B+->Psi(2S)K+ and B-0 ->Psi(2S)K*(892)(0) decays and measurements of B-meson branching fractions into J/Psi and Psi(2S) final states

none443We report the observations of the decays beta(+) --> psi(2S)K+ and B-0 --> psi(2S)K*(892)(0) in collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.8 TeV using a 110 pb(-1) data sample recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We also reconstruct the decays B+ --> J/psi K+ and B-0 --> J/psi K*(892)(0) and measure the six ratios of branching fractions of these four decays. The relative branching-fraction results are shown to be consistent with phenomenological factorization calculations of hadronic B-meson decays. We use the world-average branching fraction B(B+ --> J/psi K+) to derive B(B+ --> psi(2S)K+) = (0.56+/-0.08+/-0.10) X 10(-3), B(B-0 --> psi(2s)K*(892)(0)) = (0.92+/-0.20+/-0.16) X 10(-3), and B(B-0 --> J/psi K*(892)(0)) = (1.78+/-0.14+/-0.29) x 10(-3), where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. [S0556-2821(98)05117-0]noneF. Abe;H. Akimoto;A. Akopian;M. G. Albrow;A. Amadon;S. R. Amendolia;D. Amidei;J. Antos;S. Aota;G. Apollinari;T. Arisawa;T. Asakawa;W. Ashmanskas;M. Atac;P. Azzi-Bacchetta;N. Bacchetta;S. Bagdasarov;M. W. Bailey;P. d. Barbaro;A. Barbaro-Galtieri;V. E. Barnes;B. A. Barnett;M. Barone;G. Bauer;T. Baumann;F. Bedeschi;S. Behrends;S. Belforte;G. Bellettini;J. Bellinger;D. Benjamin;J. Bensinger;A. Beretvas;J. P. Berge;J. Berryhill;S. Bertolucci;S. Bettelli;B. Bevensee;A. Bhatti;K. Biery;C. Bigongiari;M. Binkley;D. Bisello;R. E. Blair;C. Blocker;S. Blusk;A. Bodek;W. Bokhari;G. Bolla;Y. Bonushkin;D. Bortoletto;J. Boudreau;L. Breccia;C. Bromberg;N. Bruner;R. Brunetti;E. Buckley-Geer;H. S. Budd;K. Burkett;C. Busetto;A. Byon-Wagner;K. L. Byrum;M. Campell;A. Caner;W. Carithers;D. Carlsmith;J. Cassada;A. Castro;D. Cauz;A. Cerri;P. S. Chang;P. T. Chang;H. Y. Chao;J. Chapman;M. T. Cheng;M. Chertok;C. Chiarelli;C. N. Chiou;F. Chlebana;L. Christofek;M. L. Chu;S. Cihangir;A. G. Clark;M. Cobal;E. Cocca;M. Contreras;J. Conway;J. Cooper;M. Cordelli;D. Costanzo;C. Couyoumtzelis;D. Cronin-Hennessy;R. Culbertson;D. Dagenhart;T. Daniels;F. DeJongh;S. Dell'Agnello;M. Dell'Orso;R. Demina;L. Demortier;M. Deninno;P. F. Derwent;T. Devlin;J. R. Dittmann;S. Donati;J. Done;T. Dorigo;N. Eddy;K. Einsweiler;J. E. Elias;R. Ely;E. Engels;W. Erdmann;D. Errede;S. Errede;Q. Fan;R. G. Feild;Z. Feng;C. Ferretti;I. Fiori;B. Flaugher;G. W. Foster;M. Franklin;J. Freeman;J. Friedman;Y. Fukui;S. Gadomski;S. Galeotti;M. Gallinaro;O. Ganel;M. Garcia-Sciveres;A. F. Garfinkel;C. Gay;S. Geer;D. W. Gerdes;P. Giannetti;N. Giokaris;P. Giromini;G. Giusti;M. Gola;A. Gordon;A. T. Goshaw;Y. Gotra;K. Goulianos;H. Grassmann;L. Groer;C. Grosso-Pilcher;G. Guillian;J. G. da;R. S. Guo;C. Haber;E. Hafen;S. R. Hahn;R. Hamilton;T. Handa;R. Handler;F. Happacher;K. Hara;A. D. Hardman;R. M. Harris;F. Hartmann;J. Hauser;E. Hayashi;J. Heinrich;W. Hao;B. Hinrichsen;K. D. Hoffman;M. Hohlmann;C. Holck;R. Hollebeek;L. Holloway;Z. Huang;B. T. Huffman;R. Hughes;J. Huston;J. Huth;H. Ikeda;M. Incagli;J. Incandela;G. Introzzi;J. Iwai;Y. Iwata;E. James;H. Jensen;U. Joshi;E. Kajfasz;H. Kambara;T. Kamon;T. Kaneko;K. Karr;H. Kasha;Y. Kato;T. A. Keaffaber;K. Kelley;R. D. Kennedy;R. Kephart;D. Kestenbaum;D. Khazins;T. Kikuchi;B. J. Kim;H. S. Kim;S. H. Kim;Y. K. Kim;L. Kirsch;S. Klimenko;D. Knoblauch;P. Koehn;A. Kongeter;K. Kondo;J. Konigsberg;K. Kordas;A. Korytov;E. Kovacs;W. Kowald;J. Kroll;M. Kruse;S. E. Kuhlmann;E. Kuns;K. Kurino;T. Kuwabara;A. T. Laasanen;I. Nakano;S. Lami;S. Lammel;J. I. Lamoureux;M. Lancaster;M. Lanzoni;G. Latino;T. LeCompte;S. Leone;J. D. Lewis;P. Limon;M. Lindgren;T. M. Liss;J. B. Liu;Y. C. Liu;N. Lockyer;O. Long;C. Loomis;M. Loreti;D. Lucchesi;P. Lukens;S. Lusin;J. Lys;K. Maeshima;P. Maksimovic;M. Mangano;M. Mariotti;J. P. Marriner;A. Martin;J. A. J.;P. Mazzanti;P. McIntyre;P. Melese;M. Menguzzato;A. Menzione;E. Meschi;S. Metzler;C. Miao;T. Miao;G. Michail;R. Miller;H. Minato;S. Miscetti;M. Mishina;S. Miyashita;N. Moggi;E. Moore;Y. Morita;A. Mukherjee;T. Muller;P. Murat;S. Murgia;H. Nakada;I. Nakano;C. Nelson;D. Neuberger;C. Newman-Holmes;C. Y. P.;L. Nodulman;A. Nomerotski;S. N. Oh;T. Ohmoto;T. Ohsugi;R. Oishi;M. Okabe;T. Okusawa;J. Olsen;C. Pagliarone;R. Paoletti;V. Papadimitriou;S. P. Pappas;N. Parashar;A. Parri;J. Patrick;G. Pauletta;M. Paulini;A. Perazzo;L. Pescara;M. D. Peters;T. J. Phillips;G. Piacentino;M. Pillai;K. T. Pitts;R. Plunkett;A. Pompos;L. Pondrom;J. Proudfoot;F. Ptohos;G. Punzi;K. Ragan;D. Reher;M. Reischl;A. Ribon;F. Rimondi;L. Ristori;W. J. Robertson;T. Rodrigo;S. Rolli;L. Rosenson;R. Roser;T. Saab;W. K. Sakumoto;D. Saltzberg;A. Sansoni;L. Santi;H. Sato;P. Schlabach;E. E. Schmidt;M. P. Schmidt;A. Scott;A. Scribano;S. Segler;S. Seidel;Y. Seiya;F. Semeria;T. Shah;M. D. Shapiro;N. M. Shaw;P. F. Shepard;T. Shibayama;M. Shimojima;M. Shochet;J. Siegrist;A. Sill;P. Sinervo;P. Singh;K. Sliwa;C. Smith;F. D. Snider;J. Spalding;T. Speer;P. Sphicas;F. Spinella;M. Spiropulu;L. Spiegel;L. Stanco;J. Steele;A. Stefanini;R. Strohmer;J. Strologas;F. Strumia;D. Stuart;K. Sumorok;J. Suzuki;T. Suzuki;T. Takahashi;T. Takano;R. Takashima;K. Takikawa;M. Tanaka;B. Tannenbaum;F. Tartarelli;W. Taylor;M. Tecchio;P. K. Teng;Y. Teramoto;K. Terashi;S. Tether;D. Theriot;T. L. Thomas;R. Thurman-Keul;M. Timko;P. Tipton;A. Titov;S. Tkaczyk;D. Toback;K. Tollefson;A. Tollestrup;H. Toyoda;W. Trischuk;J. F. de;S. Truitt;J. Tseng;N. Turini;T. Uchida;F. Ukegawa;J. Valls;S. C. van;S. Vejcik;G. Velev;R. Vidal;R. Vilar;D. Vucinic;R. G. Wagner;R. L. Wagner;J. Wahl;N. B. Wallace;A. M. Walsh;C. Wang;C. H. Wang;M. J. Wang;A. Warburton;T. Watanabe;T. Watts;R. Webb;C. Wei;H. Wenzel;W. C. Wester;A. B. Wicklund;E. Wicklund;R. Wilkinson;H. H. Williams;P. Wilson;B. L. Winer;D. Winn;D. Wolinski;J. Wolinski;S. Worm;X. Wu;J. Wyss;A. Yagil;W. Yao;K. Yasuoka;G. P. Yeh;P. Yeh;J. Yoh;C. Yosef;T. Yoshida;I. Yu;A. Zanetti;F. Zetti;S. ZucchelliF., Abe; H., Akimoto; A., Akopian; M. G., Albrow; A., Amadon; S. R., Amendolia; D., Amidei; J., Antos; S., Aota; G., Apollinari; T., Arisawa; T., Asakawa; W., Ashmanskas; M., Atac; P., Azzi Bacchetta; N., Bacchetta; S., Bagdasarov; M. W., Bailey; P. d., Barbaro; A., Barbaro Galtieri; V. E., Barnes; B. A., Barnett; M., Barone; G., Bauer; T., Baumann; F., Bedeschi; S., Behrends; S., Belforte; G., Bellettini; J., Bellinger; D., Benjamin; J., Bensinger; A., Beretvas; J. P., Berge; J., Berryhill; S., Bertolucci; S., Bettelli; B., Bevensee; A., Bhatti; K., Biery; C., Bigongiari; M., Binkley; Bisello, Dario; R. E., Blair; C., Blocker; S., Blusk; A., Bodek; W., Bokhari; G., Bolla; Y., Bonushkin; D., Bortoletto; J., Boudreau; L., Breccia; C., Bromberg; N., Bruner; R., Brunetti; E., Buckley Geer; H. S., Budd; K., Burkett; C., Busetto; A., Byon Wagner; K. L., Byrum; M., Campell; A., Caner; W., Carithers; D., Carlsmith; J., Cassada; A., Castro; D., Cauz; A., Cerri; P. S., Chang; P. T., Chang; H. Y., Chao; J., Chapman; M. T., Cheng; M., Chertok; C., Chiarelli; C. N., Chiou; F., Chlebana; L., Christofek; M. L., Chu; S., Cihangir; A. G., Clark; M., Cobal; E., Cocca; M., Contreras; J., Conway; J., Cooper; M., Cordelli; D., Costanzo; C., Couyoumtzelis; D., Cronin Hennessy; R., Culbertson; D., Dagenhart; T., Daniels; F., Dejongh; S., Dell'Agnello; M., Dell'Orso; R., Demina; L., Demortier; M., Deninno; P. F., Derwent; T., Devlin; J. R., Dittmann; S., Donati; J., Done; T., Dorigo; N., Eddy; K., Einsweiler; J. E., Elias; R., Ely; E., Engels; W., Erdmann; D., Errede; S., Errede; Q., Fan; R. G., Feild; Z., Feng; C., Ferretti; I., Fiori; B., Flaugher; G. W., Foster; M., Franklin; J., Freeman; J., Friedman; Y., Fukui; S., Gadomski; S., Galeotti; M., Gallinaro; O., Ganel; M., Garcia Sciveres; A. F., Garfinkel; C., Gay; S., Geer; D. W., Gerdes; P., Giannetti; N., Giokaris; P., Giromini; G., Giusti; M., Gola; A., Gordon; A. T., Goshaw; Y., Gotra; K., Goulianos; H., Grassmann; L., Groer; C., Grosso Pilcher; G., Guillian; J. G., Da; R. S., Guo; C., Haber; E., Hafen; S. R., Hahn; R., Hamilton; T., Handa; R., Handler; F., Happacher; K., Hara; A. D., Hardman; R. M., Harris; F., Hartmann; J., Hauser; E., Hayashi; J., Heinrich; W., Hao; B., Hinrichsen; K. D., Hoffman; M., Hohlmann; C., Holck; R., Hollebeek; L., Holloway; Z., Huang; B. T., Huffman; R., Hughes; J., Huston; J., Huth; H., Ikeda; M., Incagli; J., Incandela; G., Introzzi; J., Iwai; Y., Iwata; E., James; H., Jensen; U., Joshi; E., Kajfasz; H., Kambara; T., Kamon; T., Kaneko; K., Karr; H., Kasha; Y., Kato; T. A., Keaffaber; K., Kelley; R. D., Kennedy; R., Kephart; D., Kestenbaum; D., Khazins; T., Kikuchi; B. J., Kim; H. S., Kim; S. H., Kim; Y. K., Kim; L., Kirsch; S., Klimenko; D., Knoblauch; P., Koehn; A., Kongeter; K., Kondo; J., Konigsberg; K., Kordas; A., Korytov; E., Kovacs; W., Kowald; J., Kroll; M., Kruse; S. E., Kuhlmann; E., Kuns; K., Kurino; T., Kuwabara; A. T., Laasanen; I., Nakano; S., Lami; S., Lammel; J. I., Lamoureux; M., Lancaster; M., Lanzoni; G., Latino; T., Lecompte; S., Leone; J. D., Lewis; P., Limon; M., Lindgren; T. M., Liss; J. B., Liu; Y. C., Liu; N., Lockyer; O., Long; C., Loomis; M., Loreti; Lucchesi, Donatella; P., Lukens; S., Lusin; J., Lys; K., Maeshima; P., Maksimovic; M., Mangano; Mariotti, Mose'; J. P., Marriner; A., Martin; J. A., J.; P., Mazzanti; P., Mcintyre; P., Melese; Menguzzato, Matteo; A., Menzione; E., Meschi; S., Metzler; C., Miao; T., Miao; G., Michail; R., Miller; H., Minato; S., Miscetti; M., Mishina; S., Miyashita; N., Moggi; E., Moore; Y., Morita; A., Mukherjee; T., Muller; P., Murat; S., Murgia; H., Nakada; I., Nakano; C., Nelson; D., Neuberger; C., Newman Holmes; C. Y., P.; L., Nodulman; A., Nomerotski; S. N., Oh; T., Ohmoto; T., Ohsugi; R., Oishi; M., Okabe; T., Okusawa; J., Olsen; C., Pagliarone; R., Paoletti; V., Papadimitriou; S. P., Pappas; N., Parashar; A., Parri; J., Patrick; G., Pauletta; M., Paulini; A., Perazzo; L., Pescara; M. D., Peters; T. J., Phillips; G., Piacentino; M., Pillai; K. T., Pitts; R., Plunkett; A., Pompos; L., Pondrom; J., Proudfoot; F., Ptohos; G., Punzi; K., Ragan; D., Reher; M., Reischl; A., Ribon; F., Rimondi; L., Ristori; W. J., Robertson; T., Rodrigo; S., Rolli; L., Rosenson; R., Roser; T., Saab; W. K., Sakumoto; D., Saltzberg; A., Sansoni; L., Santi; H., Sato; P., Schlabach; E. E., Schmidt; M. P., Schmidt; A., Scott; A., Scribano; S., Segler; S., Seidel; Y., Seiya; F., Semeria; T., Shah; M. D., Shapiro; N. M., Shaw; P. F., Shepard; T., Shibayama; M., Shimojima; M., Shochet; J., Siegrist; A., Sill; P., Sinervo; P., Singh; K., Sliwa; C., Smith; F. D., Snider; J., Spalding; T., Speer; P., Sphicas; F., Spinella; M., Spiropulu; L., Spiegel; L., Stanco; J., Steele; A., Stefanini; R., Strohmer; J., Strologas; F., Strumia; D., Stuart; K., Sumorok; J., Suzuki; T., Suzuki; T., Takahashi; T., Takano; R., Takashima; K., Takikawa; M., Tanaka; B., Tannenbaum; F., Tartarelli; W., Taylor; M., Tecchio; P. K., Teng; Y., Teramoto; K., Terashi; S., Tether; D., Theriot; T. L., Thomas; R., Thurman Keul; M., Timko; P., Tipton; A., Titov; S., Tkaczyk; D., Toback; K., Tollefson; A., Tollestrup; H., Toyoda; W., Trischuk; J. F., De; S., Truitt; J., Tseng; N., Turini; T., Uchida; F., Ukegawa; J., Valls; S. C., Van; S., Vejcik; G., Velev; R., Vidal; R., Vilar; D., Vucinic; R. G., Wagner; R. L., Wagner; J., Wahl; N. B., Wallace; A. M., Walsh; C., Wang; C. H., Wang; M. J., Wang; A., Warburton; T., Watanabe; T., Watts; R., Webb; C., Wei; H., Wenzel; W. C., Wester; A. B., Wicklund; E., Wicklund; R., Wilkinson; H. H., Williams; P., Wilson; B. L., Winer; D., Winn; D., Wolinski; J., Wolinski; S., Worm; X., Wu; J., Wyss; A., Yagil; W., Yao; K., Yasuoka; G. P., Yeh; P., Yeh; J., Yoh; C., Yosef; T., Yoshida; I., Yu; A., Zanetti; F., Zetti; S., Zucchell