A ten year review on the management of prostate cancer in the department of radiotherapy, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos (2001 – 2010)

Background: Prostate cancer has become a global health challenge because of its rising morbidity and mortality in males. The challenges related to its management are also enormous. Treatment outcome is however still a dilemma in developing countries such as ours because of late presentation, lack of infrastructure for treatment, poverty and low socio-economic status. Wide spread ignorance and neglect have contributed to late presentation resulting in poor treatment outcome.Objectives: To review the management of prostate cancer in the Department of Radiotherapy, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, between January 2001 to December 2010 in comparison to previous and recent studies globally.Methods: This is a retrospective study of Prostate cancer cases seen at the Department of Radiotherapy, LUTH, from 2001 to 2010. Case files and treatment cards were retrieved through the medical record department and the information required was extracted with the aid of a data extraction form.Results: A total of 144 cases were analysed. The age range was 41 to 81years with a mean of 66.19 ±7.30years. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological type with 98.6%. Fifty-one(35.4%) patients presented with stage IV disease and 18(12.5%) patients had a Gleason's score of 6. Frequent night urine (nocturia) was the commonest presentint complaints seen 50(34.7%) of patients. Ninetynine patients had surgery out of which 22(22.2%) had prostatectomy, 55(55.6%) bilateral orchidectomy and 20(20.2%) had both. Majority, 128(88.9%) patients were lost to follow up out of which 107(74.3%) patients were within the first 2 year of diagnosis.Conclusion: The use of multimodality treatment was implemented but did not improve survival because majority of patients presented late. The need for a collaborative effort in the management of Prostate cancer cannot be overemphasized.Keywords: Prostate cancer, adenocarcinoma, radiotherapy, late presentatio

An Assessment of the Dietary Fiber Intake of Selected Students in the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

It is recognized that adequate intake of dietary fiber tends to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, colon cancer and heart disease. This study was carried out to assess the adequacy of dietary fiber intake of 12 male and 12 female volunteer undergraduates of Ibadan University. Food consumption survey was by the direct weighing method for three days. Representative samples of the diets were analysed for moisture and fiber content using the standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The study showed that the dietary fiber intake of the students was adequate. Dietary fiber intake of female students (40.5 = 8.5g/day) was significantly lower than the intake (54.2±13.7g/day) of the male students (P<0.05). Cereal based foods contributed the highest (58.2%) while fruits and vegetables contributed the least (9.7%) amount of fiber in the students&apos; diets. Intake of fiber from vegetables and fruits by students should be encouraged

Qualidade do inhame 'Da Costa' em função das épocas de colheita e da adubação orgânica Da Costa yam quality in relation to harvest time and organic fertilization

Foi desenvolvido um trabalho na EMEPA em João Pessoa, entre setembro/98 e junho/99, com o objetivo de quantificar o teor de matéria seca, de amido e de cinzas em rizomas do inhame, cultivar Da Costa, em função das épocas de colheita e da adubação orgânica, em solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, textura arenosa. Estudaram-se níveis de esterco bovino (5; 10; 15 e 20 t/ha) e de esterco de galinha (2,8; 5,6; 8,4 e 11,2 t/ha), duas épocas de colheita (sete e nove meses após o plantio) e uma testemunha, sem resíduo orgânico. Os tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 2x4x2+1, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O teor de matéria seca nos rizomas aumentou com a maturidade do cará-da-costa, passando de 33% em rizomas colhidos aos sete meses, para 36% em rizoma colhidos aos nove meses. Os teores de matéria seca nos rizomas colhidos aos sete meses decresceram de 35,80% e 34,71%, respectivamente, na ausência de estercos para 30,03% e 29,25%, respectivamente, com as doses de 20 t/ha de esterco bovino e de 11,2 t/ha de esterco de galinha. Na colheita realizada aos sete meses, o teor de amido foi de 26%, elevando-se para 29% na colheita aos noves meses. O teor de amido, na colheita realizada aos nove meses, aumentou com as doses de esterco de galinha, atingindo o máximo de 31,6% com a dose de 4,8 t/ha. O teor de cinzas nos rizomas não foi influenciado pelas épocas de colheita, mas naqueles colhidos aos nove meses, o teor aumentou com as doses de esterco bovino e de galinha, atingindo o máximo de 0,78 e 0,67%, respectivamente, nas doses de 12,8 e 6,7 t/ha.<br>An experiment was carried out in EMEPA, João Pessoa, Brazil between September 98 and June 99 to quantify the dry matter, starch and ash content of yam rhizomes, cv. Da Costa, in relation to harvest time and organic fertilization. The area consisted of a red-yellow podzolic sandy soil. Four levels of cattle manure (5; 10; 15 and 20 t/ha), four levels of chicken manure (2.8; 5.6; 8.4 and 11.2 t/ha), and two harvest times [seven and nine months after planting date (APD))] plus a treatment without organic residue, were studied, arranged in a factorial cheme 2x4x2+1 in randomized blocks, with four replications. Dry matter was of 33% and 36% in rhizomes harvested seven and nine months APD, respectively. At seven months APD, dry matter decreased from 35.80% and 34.71%, without cattle or chicken manure, respectively, to 30.03% and 29.25%, for highest levels of cattle manure (20 t/ha) and chicken manure (11.2 t/ha). Starch content increased from 26% at seven months APD to 29% at nine months APD. Nine months APD, starch content in rhizomes increased (31.6%) with increasing levels of chicken manure (4.8 t/ha). Ash content was not affected by harvest dates. However, applying 12.8 t/ha of cattle manure and 6.7 t/ha of chicken manure, rhizomes presented increase in ash content of 0.78% and 0.67% respectively, when harvested nine months APD