Effects of noise and vibration on commercial helicopter pilots. Results of Phase 1 research Final report

Noise and vibration effects on commercial helicopter pilot safety, performance, and comfor

Alcohol imagery on New Zealand television

BACKGROUND: To examine the extent and nature of alcohol imagery on New Zealand (NZ) television, a content analysis of 98 hours of prime-time television programs and advertising was carried out over 7 consecutive days' viewing in June/July 2004. The main outcome measures were number of scenes in programs, trailers and advertisements depicting alcohol imagery; the extent of critical versus neutral and promotional imagery; and the mean number of scenes with alcohol per hour, and characteristics of scenes in which alcohol featured. RESULTS: There were 648 separate depictions of alcohol imagery across the week, with an average of one scene every nine minutes. Scenes depicting uncritical imagery outnumbered scenes showing possible adverse health consequences of drinking by 12 to 1. CONCLUSION: The evidence points to a large amount of alcohol imagery incidental to storylines in programming on NZ television. Alcohol is also used in many advertisements to market non-alcohol goods and services. More attention needs to be paid to the extent of alcohol imagery on television from the industry, the government and public health practitioners. Health education with young people could raise critical awareness of the way alcohol imagery is presented on television

A study of investor reaction to accounting changes required by FASB Statement no. 2 and Statement no. 8

Vita.The present study was concerned with what criterion should be considered by accounting policy makers. The study focused on external reporting techniques. Financial statements, through accounting numbers, have generally been considered as the means of providing information to securities investors. Therefore, the reaction of the aggregate securities market to accounting numbers generated by alternative accounting treatments was investigated. More specifically, market reaction to recent policy standards required by FASB Statement No. 2 and Statement No. 8 was analyzed in an attempt to ascertain investor evaluation of the new standards. Three conflicting 'theories of market reaction to accounting treatment changes were considered. The economic value hypothesis (EVH) suggests that the securities V market adjusts prices only when accounting treatment changes modify the economic value of a firm. The naive investor hypothesis implies that investors are dependent upon external financial statements as a primary source of information, with reported earnings being the most important item on the statements. Any change in reported earnings, therefore, would cause a corresponding change in market prices. In contrast, the new information hypothesis assumes that if an accounting treatment change provides new information with which the securities market could better forecast future cash flows or risks associated with the flows, then the market would react by adjusting the security prices

A study of investor reaction to accounting changes required by FASB Statement no. 2 and Statement no. 8

Vita.The present study was concerned with what criterion should be considered by accounting policy makers. The study focused on external reporting techniques. Financial statements, through accounting numbers, have generally been considered as the means of providing information to securities investors. Therefore, the reaction of the aggregate securities market to accounting numbers generated by alternative accounting treatments was investigated. More specifically, market reaction to recent policy standards required by FASB Statement No. 2 and Statement No. 8 was analyzed in an attempt to ascertain investor evaluation of the new standards. Three conflicting 'theories of market reaction to accounting treatment changes were considered. The economic value hypothesis (EVH) suggests that the securities V market adjusts prices only when accounting treatment changes modify the economic value of a firm. The naive investor hypothesis implies that investors are dependent upon external financial statements as a primary source of information, with reported earnings being the most important item on the statements. Any change in reported earnings, therefore, would cause a corresponding change in market prices. In contrast, the new information hypothesis assumes that if an accounting treatment change provides new information with which the securities market could better forecast future cash flows or risks associated with the flows, then the market would react by adjusting the security prices