Digital cinema or what happens to the dispositif?

Diffusé avec l’accord des Éditions Amsterdam University Press, détentrices des droits d’auteur sur ce texte.The digital cinema package : Created in 2005 by the Digital Cinema Initiatives—a group of Hollywood majors that formed a joint venture in 2002,—the Digital Cinema Package (DCP) is a wrapper containing images, sound, subtitles, and metadata. Six studios got together to agree on internationally valid norms (“DCI specifications”) to ensure that their movies would be screened in 2K / 4K and compressed in JPEG 2000. The initiative also strove to protect movies against copyright infringement and to assert total control over the movies’ distribution via a decryption code, the key delivery message (KDM), without which the encrypted content could not be accessed. The KDM is a rental license that allows projection under specific conditions. Theoretical framing : In this chapter, Frank Kessler and Sabine Lenk discuss the debate on the digitization of film and what the digital roll-out means for cinema and for the audience. With a particular focus on the transformations and continuities in what film theory commonly addresses as the traditional cinematic dispositif, Kessler and Lenk explore the positions taken by various authors participating in the debate and ask the question: To what extent is the cinematic dispositif actually affected by the shift from celluloid to digital

Film als Text : Theorie und Praxis der "analyse textuelle"

Als 1964 unter dem Titel ,"Le cinéma: langue ou langage?" der erste Aufsatz von Christian Metz erscheint, steckt diese Frage eine Problematik ab, die bis zum Erscheinen von Langage et cinéma (Metz 1971) die semiologische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Film beherrscht: Es geht darum, die Tragfähigkeit der metaphorischen Redeweise von der "Filmsprache" zu untersuchen und zu verstehen, aufgrund welcher struktureller Eigenschaften das Kino dazu in der Lage ist, Bedeutung herzustellen und zu vermitteln. Insoweit dabei einzelne Filme eine Rolle spielen, werden sie als Beispiel herangezogen, um einzelne Kodes zu bestimmen und zu beschreiben. Gegen Ende der sechziger Jahre entstehen erste Arbeiten, die sich mit dem von der Semiologie bereitgestellten Instrumentarium daran machen, die Perspektive umzudrehen und die Frage zu stellen, wie die Kodes in singulären textuellen Systemen zusammenwirken und je spezifische Bedeutungseffekte entstehen lassen. Christian Metz, der in seinem Buch von 1971 auch den theoretischen Rahmen der filmischen Textanalyse absteckt, beschreibt das Verhältnis dieser beiden Herangehensweisen so: "In Langage et cinéma sagte ich, daß man entweder einen Film in allen seinen 'Kodes' erforschen (Filmanalyse) oder einen 'Kode' durch mehrere Filme hindurch verfolgen kann (Filmtheorie)" (Blüher/Tröhler 1990, 52)

Cure kinetics characterization and monitoring of an epoxy resin using DSC, Raman spectroscopy, and DEA

The use of thick sections of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) is increasing for numerous industrial applications such as wind turbine blades. In situ cure monitoring is very important to directly observe the cure process of FRPs during the manufacturing process. In this work, Raman spectroscopy and dielectric analysis (DEA) are investigated for in situ cure monitoring of an epoxy resin. The cure behavior is first characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a baseline comparison, and the best-fit phenomenological reaction model is determined to describe the cure behavior of the epoxy resin as well as the kinetic parameters. The relationship between Tg and degree of cure is also established. The degree of cure obtained from Raman spectroscopy and DEA under isothermal conditions is compared to that obtained from DSC. A good agreement is observed among the three methods, supporting the potential of these in situ cure monitoring methods during manufacturing. An implementation plan for in-plant monitoring is also discussed

Comment cadrer la rue?

Diffusé avec l'accord de Forum, détenteur des droits d'auteur sur ce texte

Genetic Markers as Instrumental Variables

The use of genetic markers as instrumental variables (IV) is receiving increasing attention from epidemiologists, economists, statisticians and social scientists. This paper examines the conditions that need to be met for genetic variants to be used as instruments. Although these have been discussed in the epidemiological, medical and statistical literature, they have not been well-defined in the economics and social science literature. The increasing availability of biomedical data however, makes understanding of these conditions crucial to the successful use of genotypes as instruments for modifiable risk factors. We combine the econometric IV literature with that from genetic epidemiology using a potential outcomes framework and review the IV conditions in the context of a social science application, examining the effect of child fat mass on academic performance.ALSPAC; Fat mass; Genetic Variants; Instrumental Variables; Mendelian Randomization; Potential Outcomes

Genetic Markers as Instrumental Variables:An Application to Child Fat Mass and Academic Achievement

The use of genetic markers as instrumental variables (IV) is receiving increasing attention from economists. This paper examines the conditions that need to be met for genetic variants to be used as instruments. We combine the IV literature with that from genetic epidemiology, with an application to child adiposity (fat mass, determined by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan) and academic performance. OLS results indicate that leaner children perform slightly better in school tests compared to their more adipose counterparts, but the IV findings show no evidence that fat mass affects academic outcomes.Instrumental variables; Mendelian randomization; Genetic variant; Potential outcomes; Academic performance; Educational attainment; Adiposity; Fat mass; Body Mass Index; ALSPAC

Jacqueline Nacache, L’acteur de cinéma

Si la plupart des livres consacrés aux acteurs et actrices de cinéma se présentent sous la forme d’ouvrages grand public – albums photos, souvenirs, entretiens, biographies autorisées ou non –, on peut constater que le champ des études cinématographiques universitaires génère, depuis quelques années, un nombre croissant de travaux analytiques portant sur ce thème. Parmi les nombreuses questions que se posent les chercheurs face aux acteurs et actrices de cinéma, on peut distinguer certains ax..