Fundus topographical distribution patterns of ocular toxoplasmosis

BACKGROUND: To establish topographic maps and determine fundus distribution patterns of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) lesions. METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients who presented with OT to ophthalmology clinics from four countries (Argentina, Turkey, UK, USA) were included. Size, shape and location of primary (1°)/recurrent (2°) and active/inactive lesions were converted into a two-dimensional retinal chart by a retinal drawing software. A final contour map of the merged image charts was then created using a custom Matlab programme. Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS: 984 lesions in 514 eyes of 464 subjects (53% women) were included. Mean area of all 1° and 2° lesions was 5.96±12.26 and 5.21±12.77 mm2, respectively. For the subset group lesions (eyes with both 1° and 2° lesions), 1° lesions were significantly larger than 2° lesions (5.52±6.04 mm2 vs 4.09±8.90 mm2, p=0.038). Mean distances from foveola to 1° and 2° lesion centres were 6336±4267 and 5763±3491 µm, respectively. The majority of lesions were found in temporal quadrant (p<0.001). Maximum overlap of all lesions was at 278 µm inferotemporal to foveola. CONCLUSION: The 1° lesions were larger than 2° lesions. The 2° lesions were not significantly closer to fovea than 1° lesions. Temporal quadrant and macular region were found to be densely affected underlining the vision threatening nature of the disease

An unexpected complication in bilateral acute iris transillumination: Cystoid macular edema

A 47-year-old male presented with bilateral 4 + circulating pigment in the anterior chamber, diffuse iris transillumination, dilated pupils unresponsive to light, and high intraocular pressure (IOP) levels in both eyes. Visual acuity and IOP improved bilaterally with topical steroid and antiglaucomatous therapy. In the 10th month, bilateral cystoid macular edema (CME) was developed and resolved after subtenon triamcinolone injections. CME recurred after cataract surgery in the right eye which was treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection. CME was recurred in the left eye and treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant at the same setting with cataract surgery. CME can be seen in the course of bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT). This is the first BAIT case presenting with bilateral CME

Subretinal Pseudocysts: A Comprehensive Analysis of this Novel OCT Finding

Abstract Introduction In current clinical practice, several optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers have been proposed for the assessment of severity and prognosis of different retinal diseases. Subretinal pseudocysts are subretinal cystoid spaces with hyperreflective borders and only a few single cases have been reported thus far. The aim of the study was to characterize and investigate this novel OCT finding, exploring its clinical outcome. Methods Patients were evaluated retrospectively across different centers. The inclusion criterion was the presence of subretinal cystoid space on OCT scans, regardless of concurrent retinal diseases. Baseline examination was set as the first time the subretinal pseudocyst was identified by OCT. Medical and ophthalmological histories were collected at baseline. OCT and OCT-angiography were performed at baseline and at each follow-up examination. Results Twenty-eight eyes were included in the study and 31 subretinal pseudocysts were characterized. Out of 28 eyes, 16 were diagnosed with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), 7 with central serous chorioretinopathy, 4 with diabetic retinopathy, and 1 with angioid streaks. Subretinal and intraretinal fluid were present in 25 and 13 eyes, respectively. Mean distance of the subretinal pseudocyst from the fovea was 686 µm. The diameter of the pseudocyst was positively associated with the height of the subretinal fluid (r = 0.46; p = 0.018) and central macular thickness (r = 0.612; p = 0.001). At follow-up, subretinal pseudocysts disappeared in most of the reimaged eyes (16 out of 17). Of these, two patients presented retinal atrophy at baseline examination and eight patients (47%) developed retinal atrophy at follow-up. Conversely, seven eyes (41%) did not develop retinal atrophy. Conclusion Subretinal pseudocysts are precarious OCT findings, usually disclosed in a context of subretinal fluid, and are probably transient alterations within the photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. Despite their nature, subretinal pseudocysts have been associated with photoreceptor loss and incomplete RPE definition

Fundus Topographical Distribution Patterns of Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Background: To establish topographic maps and determine fundus distribution patterns of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) lesions.Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who presented with OT to ophthalmology clinics from four countries (Argentina, Turkey, UK, USA) were included. Size, shape and location of primary (1°)/recurrent (2°) and active/inactive lesions were converted into a two-dimensional retinal chart by a retinal drawing software. A final contour map of the merged image charts was then created using a custom Matlab programme. Descriptive analyses were performed.Results: 984 lesions in 514 eyes of 464 subjects (53% women) were included. Mean area of all 1° and 2° lesions was 5.96±12.26 and 5.21±12.77 mm2, respectively. For the subset group lesions (eyes with both 1° and 2° lesions), 1° lesions were significantly larger than 2° lesions (5.52±6.04 mm2 vs 4.09±8.90 mm2, p=0.038). Mean distances from foveola to 1° and 2° lesion centres were 6336±4267 and 5763±3491 µm, respectively. The majority of lesions were found in temporal quadrant (p<0.001). Maximum overlap of all lesions was at 278 µm inferotemporal to foveola.Conclusion: The 1° lesions were larger than 2° lesions. The 2° lesions were not significantly closer to fovea than 1° lesions. Temporal quadrant and macular region were found to be densely affected underlining the vision threatening nature of the disease.Keywords: Choroid; Imaging; Infection; Inflammation; RetinaFil: Hasanreisoglu, Murat. Koc University School of Medicine; Turquía. Gazi University School of Medicine; TurquíaFil: Halim, Muhammad Sohail. Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center; Estados UnidosFil: Cakar Ozdal, Pinar. University of Health Sciences Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Ormaechea, Maria Soledad. Universidad Catolica de Las Misiones. Facultad de Cs. de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Kesim, Cem. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Ozdemir, Huseyin Baran. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral. Departamento de Cirugía. Servicio de Oftalmologia.; ArgentinaFil: Uludag, Gunay. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Sredar, Nripun. University of Stanford; Estados UnidosFil: Cankurtaran, Mahmut. University of Health Sciences Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital; TurquíaFil: Liu, Xiaoxuan. University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Reino Unido. University Of Birmingham; . Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Reino UnidoFil: Denniston, Alastair Keith. University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Reino Unido. University Of Birmingham; . Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Reino UnidoFil: Rudzinski, Marcelo Nicolas. Universidad Catolica de Las Misiones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Colombero, Daniel N.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Schlaen, Bernardo Ariel. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Keane, Pearse Andrew. Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Estados UnidosFil: Pavesio, Carlos. Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Estados Unidos. University of Lincoln; Reino UnidoFil: Nguyen, Quan Dong. University of Stanford; Estados Unido