Cellular orientation on micro-patterned biocompatible PHBV film

 Cellular orientation control is important for tissue regeneration. Design of oriented structures for cells with suitable features can be used in tissue engineering. One of the methods of cellular orientation with the aim of regenerating which damaged tissues is utilizing oriented biocompatible substrates. Different methods can be used to design these structures such as utilizing magnetic fields, electrospinned oriented fibers or methods such as directional solidification. This paper investigates the influence of grooved substrate-mediated physical guidance on the growth and alignment of cells in vitro. A novel technique was developed to fabricate microgrooves on biodegradable polymer substrates made of poly hydroxyl buthyratevalerate. Solvent-castings were used to transfer micro patterns from quartz and silicon substrates onto biodegradable polymer films. The cells were successfully oriented on micro grooved polymeric substrate which can be used for axon guidance and nerve regeneration

Schwann Cell-Mediated Preservation of Vision in Retinal Degenerative Diseases via the Reduction of Oxidative Stress: A Possible Mechanism

After central nervous system (CNS) injuries, the regeneration process does not work out well except for remyelination process. This remyelination capacity in CNS can be mentioned as a worthy example of stem/precursor cell-mediated renewal process. Remyelination in CNS is mediated by Schwann cells which act mainly as remyelinating agents in peripheral nervous system (PNS) but several studies have shown their potential role in CNS too. Schwann cells have the capacity of supporting and saving retinal cells by secreting growth factors like:  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in subretinal space. Retinal degenerative diseases are one of the most important debilitating concerns in modern countries which has encountered the problem of ageing population. One of the best examples of retinal degenerative disease which is a leading cause of permanent visual loss in Western world is age related macular degeneration (AMD). In United States it is believed that nearly 1.75 million, older than 40 years have end stages of this debilitating disease, and it is estimated that this number will progress to approximately 3 million people by year 2020. One of the most common pathways which is involved in initiation and development of retinal disease is called Oxidative stress. Schwann cells are capable of secreting high amounts of antioxidant enzymes which protect PNS in front of oxidative stress which is result of glucose fluctuation in diabetic patients. The antioxidant role of Schwann cells in PNS may be the possible mechanism which can make Schwann cells potent reconstructing agents in CNS and especially in retinal injuries and retinal degenerative disease

Schwann Cell-Mediated Preservation of Vision in Retinal Degenerative Diseases via the Reduction of Oxidative Stress: A Possible Mechanism

After central nervous system (CNS) injuries, the regeneration process does not work out well except for remyelination process. This remyelination capacity in CNS can be mentioned as a worthy example of stem/precursor cell-mediated renewal process. Remyelination in CNS is mediated by Schwann cells which act mainly as remyelinating agents in peripheral nervous system (PNS) but several studies have shown their potential role in CNS too. Schwann cells have the capacity of supporting and saving retinal cells by secreting growth factors like:  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in subretinal space. Retinal degenerative diseases are one of the most important debilitating concerns in modern countries which has encountered the problem of ageing population. One of the best examples of retinal degenerative disease which is a leading cause of permanent visual loss in Western world is age related macular degeneration (AMD). In United States it is believed that nearly 1.75 million, older than 40 years have end stages of this debilitating disease, and it is estimated that this number will progress to approximately 3 million people by year 2020. One of the most common pathways which is involved in initiation and development of retinal disease is called Oxidative stress. Schwann cells are capable of secreting high amounts of antioxidant enzymes which protect PNS in front of oxidative stress which is result of glucose fluctuation in diabetic patients. The antioxidant role of Schwann cells in PNS may be the possible mechanism which can make Schwann cells potent reconstructing agents in CNS and especially in retinal injuries and retinal degenerative disease

Quantitative determination of immunoglobulin IgM and apolipoprotein A1 in schizophrenia population

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder painful with prevalence of about 1% in the world.  Nowadays, there is no experimental test aiding the accurate diagnosis of schizophrenic patients but recently quantitative determination of some serum proteins led to many investigations on the roles of these in neuropsychiatric.In the present study, our aim is to quantitative determination ApoA1 and IgM between 134 schizophrenic patients and 127 healthy control persons. Schizophrenia patients were selected from the Tehran Razi hospital.  The age (p=0.53) and sex distributions of schizophrenic patients were similar to those of control persons. We measured ApoA1 and IgM levels by immunoturbidimetry method. P<0.05 was considered significant.  ApoA1 showed a significant decrease in serum (p=0.00) and IgM to be significantly increased (p=0.00).Furthermore, female patients showed an increase IgM more than males. These results for ApoA1 and IgM support other reports.  Decrease ApoaA1 confirmed the relationship of lipid metabolism in schizophrenia patients, also increase IgM evaluate the impact of treatment. This report can help to identify disease markers and treatment such as immunoglobulin therapy or regulate lipid metabolism. It can be imagined that immunoglobulin therapy more effective in the female patients than male and need to exp

Radiographic & histopathological analysis in calvarias bone regeneration process by platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich plasma–gel And auto bone chips in rat

A functional treatment for skeletal damages in orthopedic and oral maxillofacial surgeries is required. Platelet growth factors such as Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Bone Morphogenic Factor (BMP), Transferring Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) proceed wound healing and bone regeneration. In the present study we focused on the effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet rich plasma gel (PRP-Gel) and auto bone chips on this process. 30 male, 22 weeks old, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 525 g were used. They were divided in three groups consisting of PRP (treated by Platelet-Rich Plasma), PRP-Gel (treated by it), Bone chips and Control (two cavities created in each animal in this group). After 16 weeks they were histologically investigated while in the periods of 40, 60, 90and 120 days, the radiography had been done. The radiographic analysis showed complete treatment in all groups; however, by the histo-pathological investigations by auto bone chips complete and PRP-Gel partial healing has been observed. By histo-morphometric surveys (100±25) % in bone chips and (50±25) % in PRP-Gel groups bone bridging were observed, whereas in PRP it was not noticeable. The Present study suggests that neither PRP, nor PRP-Gel could be as beneficial as bone chips. Statistically, in PRP-Gel group, due to the existence of fibrin and thrombin, solid bone bridging at the treated site is indicated. According to the previous studies, in which the key role of both inhibitory and stimulatory signals in controlling the bone regeneration were proven, we suggest that auto bone chips could completely enhance healing due to signals among blood factors, environmental tissues and skeletal particles.

The Acute Effect of Exposure to Barefoot Running on VO2 Peak, Fatigue, and Time to Exhaustion in Recreational Runners

Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title

Investigation of genetic association between PRODH gene and schizophrenia in Iranian population

Schizophrenia is a complicated, debilitative mental disorder. Evidence is emerging for the association of polymorphisms in PRODH gene and increased risk of schizophrenia. In the present research, we investigated relationship between of this gene and schizophrenia disease by means of a gene polymorphism using PCR-RFLP technique.150 persons suffering from acute Schizophrenia and 160 healthy persons volunteering for this project were bled. . Based on intended SNP, pair of primers was designed by Oligo7 program and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed by thermo cycler. Then the resulted reactive mixture was exposed to a special enzyme, which we had intended for our study. Finally, the fragments of enzyme cut were transferred on the gel (4%) and migration pattern of resulted components were compared in healthy and patient subjects , whereby obtaining genotypes of different persons in polymorphic position. We utilized SPSS 16.0 program for statistical investigation of the work and studied SNP 1945T>C and its relation with the disease in statistical population. Our findings showed a meaningful relation between the occurrence of this nucleotide mutation and its frequency in patients (given P value=0.00). Results of this work indicate that PRODH gene can be considered to be a significant candidate in our population as a factor influencing the occurrence of Schizophrenia

Evaluation of Pluripotency Gene Expression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Cultured on the Human Feeder Layer

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the pluripotent inner cell mass (ICN) cells of blastocysts with the potential to maintain an undifferentiated state indefinitely. The derivation process involves plating of the blastocysts on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and expansion of the outgrowth in to established ES cell line. ES cell are capable of unlimited self-renewal by symmetric division and differentiated cells to all primitive embryonic germ layers. The capacity of ES cells to differentiate in to almost all the cell types of human body highlights their potential to play a promising role in cell replacement therapies for treatment of human diseases. In this study, MEFs have been replaced with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). C4 mES cell (mouse embryonic stem cell line) colonies are cultured on inactivated hMSCs amplified ≥ 600-folds during the 30 days of continuous culture. The longest continuous expansion of C4 mES cells on hMSC was 30 passages. In this study the gene expression for Oct-4, Nanog, Rex1, Brachyury, LIF, LIFR, TERT, B2M, Stat3, Sox2, Fgf4 in mES cells using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in which genes expression for Stat3, Sox2, Fgf4 genes was negative whilst the  gene expansion for Oct-4, Nanog, Rex1, Brachyury, LIF, LIFR, TERT, B2M  genes was  positive. There was also a karyotype analysis for ES which showed normal result. The immunocytochemical analysis of Oct4 transcriptional factor for ES cells was made which showed positive result for this factor. These genes may be novel candidates to play critical roles in the regulation of ES Cell pluripotency and self-renewal

Role of Schwann Cells in Preservation of Retinal Tissue Through Reduction of Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subretinal injection of Schwann cells on preservation of retina by decreasing oxidative stress in Dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. Schwann cells were harvested from the sciatic nerve of postnatal day 5, RCS rats. Twenty-five RCS rats randomly assigned to cell and sham groups. Schwann cells injected in the sub-retinal space in one eye of the cell group and carrier medium was injected in one eye of the sham group. The proof for the appropriate site of injection of Schwann cells confirmed by the green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive cells. Electroretinogram (ERG) and enucleation for histopathology and enzymatic evaluation were performed 1, 2 and 3 months post-injection. The enzymatic evaluation included catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Three months after injection, histopathology assessments showed a complete absence of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptors and obvious reduction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the sham group. Cell group showed marked preservation of RPE, choroidal congestion and mild presence of ONL. The green fluorescent protein positive Schwann cells remained in one integrated layer during the study under RPE. The enzymatic evaluation showed that in cell group expression of SOD and GPx1 until month 2 and catalase until month 1 were significantly more than the sham group. At the end of month 3, the amplitude of ERG waves significantly preserved in cell group in comparison to baseline waves and the sham group. We concluded that Schwan cells are able to preserve retinal in RCS rats by reducing oxidative stress. Epub: October 1, 2019

Association of 757 C/T polymorphismin PRODH gene with Schizophrenia in Iranian population

Evidence is emerging for the association of polymorphisms in PRODH gene and increased risk of schizophrenia. In this project, peripheral blood sampling was obtained from 175 schizophrenia patients that their diseases were confirmed by psychiatrists. 185 healthy individuals were considered as control group. The related tests were administered on the basis of PCR-RFLP. In the continuation, statistical analysis was made on the basis of obtained genotypes from two groups of healthy and patient groups using SPSS16.0 software. The administration of this project aims at investigating the hypothesis that proline dehydrogenase gene, as one of the most important genes involved in schizophrenia incidence which is proved in various populations [outside Iran], may also be involved in incidence of schizophrenia in Iran. This study has analyzed one single nucleotide polymorphism in the PRODH gene, including 757C/T in the incidence of this disease in the given statistical population. According to our results, SNP 757 C/T may be effective in incidence of the disease since P value was < 0.01. Ultimately, our results suggest that outbreak of mutation in PRODH gene in our population can be one of causes of increasing risk of Schizophrenia in this population