What does Bill Gates' call mean? A policy transfer analysis on creating an early warning system to prevent the next pandemic

Objectives The purpose of this study is to discuss the need for an early warning system in order to prevent a new epidemic that may occur in the future and, if necessary, which system will be and how this warning system will be designed. Methods A qualitative analysis through the World Health Organization (WHO) documents, an interview with a key expert, and a policy transfer analysis was conducted. Results An early warning system is needed for new outbreaks that may occur in the future. We have seen that the Early Warning Alert and Response system (EWARs), which is implemented by WHO as a policy transfer in Syria, is successful in this area and the system can be easily adapted and established. The implementation of the system in Syria and the successful performance of the early warning system can be systematically transferred to other regions of the world with the policy transfer approach as a public health policy and the implementation phases in the study. The successful transfer of EWARs from WHO to Syria provides a good sample for the integration of a system developed by international and/or non-governmental organizations into an administration system of a state under pandemic and crises conditions

How the demos [Public] regulate the kratos [Administration] through repeated elections: Lessons learned from the elections in Turkiye for the government and opposition

Objections to the results of conducted elections and repeated elections are a significant issue. The aim of this study is to investigate repeated elections and the reasons for canceling them through the decisions of Turkiye's Supreme Election Council (SEC) since its establishment and to examine the results of repeated elections to reveal which side benefits from this. According to the results of the content analysis, the study found within the frame of the investigated period the SEC to have annulled a total of five elections, four of which had been local and one that had been a parliamentary election, and the most frequent reason for repeating the elections to have been due to restricted or ineligible voters voting, which occurred for four separate elections. Lessons exist for the government and opposition parties to learn from these annulled and repeated elections, with repeated elections generally resulting in an unfavorable outcome for the contesting party

Causation between energy consumption and climate change in the countries with the highest global climate risk

The study aims to examine if there is causation between "energy consumption" and "climate change" through the data of ten countries with the highest Climate Risk Index (CRI) scores. The ten highest CRI score countries include Puerto Rico, Myanmar, Haiti, Philippines, Mozambique, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Thailand, and Nepal. The annual data for the years 2005-2019 was used because of the data constraints. CRI is selected as the dependent variable. As for the independent variables, the ratios of the energy consumption of the key sectors indicated by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to the total energy consumption are chosen. These key sectors in energy consumption are industry (IND), transportation (TRA), trade and public services (TPS), and housing (HOU). Economic growth (EG), which is one of the main factors affecting climate change in the literature, is included in the model as the control variable. According to the results of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test, there is one-way causality from transportation towards CRI, but not any causality between others. It is evaluated that since the transportation sector is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, it has a strong effect on the amount of CO2 emissions and a significant determining role on climate change

Does country-level governance matter for national development? An analysis on the founding states of Turkic council

This study aims to examine if there is a long-term relationship between the participation of 'country-level governance' and 'national development' through the data of founding countries of the Cooperation Council of Turkish Speaking States (Turkic Council)? The hypothesis of there is a significant long-term relationship between country-level governance and national development was tested via the panel data analysis of four Turkic countries: Azerbaijan, Kirgizstan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey. The compounds of the 'Worldwide Governance Indicators' were used as the independent variable, and 'Human Development Index' as the dependent variable. A Panel Causation Test was conducted to investigate if there are long-term co-integration and causation between country-level governance and national development. Our results found that there is significant causation between the country-level governance indicators of 'Voice and Accountability' and 'Government Effectiveness' with the 'national development' process. Thus, our findings will contribute to both academics who study the effects of governance on development and to policymakers who utilize these sources for improved political and social development with the aim to prevent poverty and improve access to basic human needs

Bırakınız Gitsinler, Bırakınız Savaşsınlar (Laissez Jihad): Kafkasya’dan DAEŞ’e Katılım Nedenleri

Bu araştırmanın amacı Kafkas (Rusya kökenli) militanların, Levant bölgesine göç etmeleri ve DAEŞ’e katılım nedenlerini incelemektir. DAEŞ’e katılım sebepleri, ilgili web kaynaklarının içerik analizi ve ilgili alanyazın incelemesi yapılarak araştırılmıştır. Araştırma aşağıda sayılan altı bulgunun Rusya kökenli savaşçıların DAEŞ’e katılmalarının ardında yatan nedenler olduğunu göstermektedir: (1) Rusya’nın laissez jihad politikası, (2) Çaresizlik hissi ve zor durumda bulunan Müslümanlara yardım etme düşüncesi, (3) Konjonktürel durum ve Lider (Emir) faktörü, (4) Beş yıldızlı cihat aforizması, (5) Sosyal ağlar ve kişisel ilişkiler, (6) Sosyal medya, dijital teknoloji ve propaganda araçlarının aracı (mediatör) etkisi. Araştırma sonuçları ve bulgularının hem kamu otoriteleri tarafından güvenlik politikalarının oluşturulmasına hem de mevcut alan yazına katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir

Public Policy Analysis on the Integration of Syrian Children into National Education System in Turkey

2011’de Suriye’de başlayan olayların giderek şiddetlenmesi ve milyonlarca insanınkomşu ülkelere sığınmak zorunda kalmasıyla birlikte, göçmenlerin temel sorunlarındanbiri olan eğitim ve uyum sorunu ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle Türkiye’ye gelen Suriyeli sığınmacıların çoğunun kampların dışında yaşaması, çocuklara yönelik eğitim ihtiyacınınkarşılanması için yeni kamu politikalarının yapılması zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.Geçici eğitim merkezlerindeki sınıf mevcutlarının yüksekliği, Türkçe derslerinin yetersizliği, sonraki örgün eğitimin aşamalarına uyum güçlüğü gibi sorunların varlığı, bukonudaki kamu politikalarının analizini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de geçicikoruma statüsü altında bulunan Suriyeli çocukların, ulusal eğitim sistemine uyumlarınınsağlanabilmesine yönelik bir kamu politikası analizi oluşturmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.Üretilen seçenekler süreç modeliyle değerlendirilmiştir.With the exacerbation of the incidents started at 2011 in Syria and as millions of people had to take refuge in neighboring countries, education and integration concerns, which are among the most basic problems of the immigrants has emerged. The fact that most of the Syrian asylum seekers especially coming to Turkey live outside the refugee camps triggered the need for developing new public policies to satisfy the training needs of the children. The high numbers of students at the Temporary Education Centers, the insufficiency of the Turkish courses, the existence of the problems as the difficulty of transition to the following formal education step require the analysis of the related public policies. This study was conductved to constitute a public policy analysis related to the integration of the Syrian children, who are under the umbrella of a temporary protection status in Turkey, into the national education system. The alternative models developed were evaluated with the process model of public policy analysis

Conservation Status of Three Rare and Endemic Species From Turkey (Kalidium Wagenitzii, Muscari Adilii Verbascum Gypsicola)

DergiPark: 751851trkjnatBu çalışma ile Türkiye’nin İç Anadolu bölgesi için endemik olan K. wagenitzii (Aellen) Freitag amp; G. Kadereit, M. adilii M. B. Güner amp; H. Duman ve V. gypsicola Vural amp; Aydoğdu türlerinin popülasyon yapıları ve yayılış alanlarının belirlenmesi ve bunların sonucunda IUCN tehlike kategorilerinin tekrardan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu türlerin seçilmesinin nedeni sahip oldukları sınırlı yayılış alanları ile insan faktörü sonucu yüksek oranda yok olma riski taşımalarıdır. Çok yıllık halofitik K. wagenitzii türünün Tuz Gölü çevresinde 5 lokalitede yayılışı belirlenmiş ve toplam olgun birey sayısı 6458 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaşam alanları toplamı 36 km2 olmasına karşın yayılış alanı 213 km2 dir. Tarım amaçlı kontrolsüz su kaynaklarının kullanılması önemli bir tehdit faktörüdür. K. wagenitzii türünün tehdit kategorisi IUCN Kırmızı Liste kriterlerine göre EN olarak değerlendirilmiştir. M. adilii marnlı toprakları tercih etmekte ve habitat tipi P. nigra ve meşe ormanlarının yıkımı sonucu oluşan steplerdir. Nallıhan-Beypazarı çevresinde 3 lokaliteden bilinmekte ve olgun birey sayısı 6144 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaşam alanları toplamı ve yayılış alanı sırasıyla 12 km2 ve 28 km2 dir. Tür üzerindeki baskılar yol inşası ve tarım alanlarının büyümesi, ağaçlandırma çalışmaları ve fabrika kurulumu olup CR kategorisinde değerlendirilmiştir. V. gypsicola marnlı topraklarda yayılmaktadır. Beypazarı-Nallıhan çevresinden 3 lokalite ve Sivirihisar-Eskişehir’de bir lokalite yayılışı bulunmaktadır. Olgun birey sayısı 2755 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaşam alanları toplamı 16 km2 ve yayılış alanı 269 km2 dir. Aşırı otlatma ve tarım alanlarının büyümesi ile birlikte fabrika kurulumu tür üzerindeki baskılar olup EN olarak değerlendirilmiştir.In this study, we aimed to determine the population size and distribution areas and to re-evaluate IUCN threat categories of Kalidium wagenitzii (Aellen) Freitag amp; G. Kadereit, Muscari adilii M.B. Güner amp; H. Duman and Verbascum gypsicola Vural amp; Aydoğdu, which are endemics of the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The three species have limited distribution areas and high risk of extinction as a result of human impact. The perennial halophytic species K. wagenitzii was found in 5 localities around Salt Lake (Tuz Gölü) and a total number of 6458 mature individuals were determined. The area of occupancy of the species is 36 km2 and the extent of occurrence is 213 km2. Uncontrolled use of water resources for agricultural purposes is a serious threat factor for the species. Kalidium wagenitzii is listed in EN category according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Muscari adilii prefers marly soils and its habitat type is formed by secondary succession after the destruction of Pinus nigra and oak forests. It is known from 3 localities around Nallıhan-Beypazarı with a population size of 6144 mature individuals. The area of occupancy and the extent of occurrence of the species is 12 km2 and 28 km2, respectively. The pressures on the species are road construction and increase of farmland, afforestation and factory establishment. According to the IUCN Red List criteria, the species is listed in CR category. Verbascum gypsicola is distributed on marly soils. It is known from 3 localities around Nallıhan–Beypazarı and one locality in Sivrihisar-Eskişehir with 2755 mature individuals in total. The area of occupancy of the species is 16 km2 and the extent of occurrence is 269 km2. Overgrazing and expansion of agricultural land, together with factory establishment are the major threats for this species, which is listed as EN in IUCN Red List.

How does terrorism hollow out the sustainable economic growth in big ten countries?

PurposeThe main objective of this research is to investigate if there is a long-term relationship between "terrorism" and sustainable "economic growth" in Big Ten Countries.Design/methodology/approachThe data was tested via Panel ARDL Analysis. The growth rate (GR) is the dependent variable, and the "Global Terror Index (GTI)" is the independent variable as the terror indicator. The ratio of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the ratio of External Balance (EB) to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are included in the model as the control variables due to their effect on the growth rate. A Panel ARDL analysis is conducted to examine the existence of long-term co-integration between terror and the economy. The planning of the study, the formation of its theoretical and conceptual framework, and the literature research were carried out in 2 months, and the collection of data, the creation of the methodology and the analysis of the analyzes were carried out in 2 months, the interpretation of the findings and the development of policy recommendations were carried out within a period of 1 month. The entire study was completed in a total of 5 months.FindingsResults showed that "Terror" has a negative impact on "Growth Rate" in the long term while "External Balance" and "Foreign Direct Investment" positively affect the Growth Rate. The coefficients for the short term are not statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is only limited to Big Ten including China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, Poland and South Africa. The period for annual data collection covers the years between 2002 and 2019 and due to the unavailability of data.Practical implicationsConsidering the risks and the mutual negative effect that turns into a vicious circle between terrorism and the economy, it is necessary to eliminate the problems that cause terrorism in the mentioned countries, on the one hand, and to develop policies that will improve economic performance on the other.Social implicationsTrustful law enforcement bodies have to be established and supported by all technological means to prevent terror. The conditions causing terror have to be investigated carefully and the problems causing terror or internal conflict have to be solved. International cooperation against terrorism has to be strengthened and partnerships, information, experience sharing have to be supported at the maximum levels.Originality/valueIt is certain that terror might have a negative influence on the performance of economies. But the limited number of studies within this vein and the small size of their sample groups mostly including single-country case studies require conducting a study by using a larger sample group of countries. Big Ten here represents at least half of the population of the world and different regions of the Globe