Effects of Low Salinity Water Ion Composition on Wettability Alteration in Sandstone Reservoir Rock: A Laboratory Investigation

For various decades, water-flooding mechanisms have been playing important role for improving oil recovery. It was not until recently that researchers discovered that the ionic strength of the brine was substantial. With regard to this, many studies started being published which focused more on the comparison of effects of having high ionic strength and low ionic strength for brine during flooding processes. Low salinity water comprises brine concentration below 5000ppm. At optimum concentration, low salinity water (LSW) when injected into the reservoir enhances the oil recovery considerably. This is attributed to the change of reservoir rock wettability. The process governing these changes are not well understood thus requiring a scrupulous investigation. Moreover there is no a certain fixed salinity range. This study investigates wettability alteration of Berea sandstone rock with brine of different ion composition (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and formation water-mostly Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions) and strength (500ppm-6500ppm with exception of formation water which consisted of 13000ppm). For the study, (31) core slabs were extracted from the core plug then saturated with formation water (FW). Next, the slabs underwent aging process in crude oil at ambient pressure and a temperature of 800c. Later, the slabs were removed and immersed in containers with low salinity water at different ionic composition and strength, which is mentioned. The wettability was measured by applying the sessile drop method in certain range of time. According to the results, there have been significantly great change of wettability at Low salinity water in case of KCl was observed. Keywords: ionic strength, wettability, low salinity water, saturation, brine compositio

An easy, Green and Ultra-fast synthesis of dicationic ionic liquids: from days to minutes

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Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater by Using Ionic Liquids

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Benzimidazole-loaded Halloysite Nanotube as a Smart Coating Application

Smart coating has been developed for the corrosion control of surfaces exposed to corrosive environment. An important step in development of a smart coating is the successful impregnation of corrosion inhibitor into the nanocontainer as a coating pigment. In this study, halloysite was used as nanocontainer to encapsulate benzimidazole as corrosion inhibitor by vacuum method. FESEM, TEM, FTIR and TGA characterization techniques were used to confirm the loading of halloysite with benzimidazole. FESEM results indicated differences between the morphology of the unloaded-halloysite and benzimidazole loaded-halloysite. TEM results confirmed that benzimidazole molecules are loaded into halloysite. FTIR result revealed there are differences in the absorbance characteristic of peaks between peak number 1000-4000 cm-1 for loaded and unloaded samples. It is seen that the absorbance in the loaded-halloysite is higher than unloaded-halloysite, which confirms quantity/specific functional group of molecules. TGA result showed the temperature of degradation of benzimidazole-loaded HNT was higher than pure HNT. EIS was conducted to examine the protection characteristic of the developed smart coating. From EIS results, of 1, 3, and 6 days of experimental duration, it is seen that the value of coating impedance (Z’) after exposure to 3.5% NaCl environment is very height, 2.460E+07 Ω, which confirm a very good anti corrosion protection characteristic for the developed smart coating.

Enhancement of π–π aromatic interactions between hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Methylene Blue for an optimum removal efficiency and assessment of toxicity by microbiological method

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Using tunability of ionic liquids to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution

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Physicochemical Properties of New Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Containing Aromatic Group

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