From phonetics to phonology : The emergence of first words in Italian

This study assesses the extent of phonetic continuity between babble and words in four Italian children followed longitudinally from 0; 9 or 0; 10 to 2;0-two with relatively rapid and two with slower lexical growth. Prelinguistic phonetic characteristics, including both (a) consistent use of specific consonants and (b) age of onset and extent of consonant variegation in babble, are found to predict rate of lexical advance and to relate to the form of the early words. In addition, each child's lexical profile is analyzed to test the hypothesis of non-linearity in phonological development. All of the children show the expected pattern of phonological advance: 'Relatively accurate first word production is followed by lexical expansion, characterized by a decrease in accuracy and an increase of similarity between word forms. We interpret such a profile as reflecting the emergence of word templates, a first step in phonological organization

An iterative joint codebook and classifier improvement algorithm for finite-state vector quantization

A finite-state vector quantizer (FSVQ) is a multicodebook system in, which the current state (or codebook) is chosen as a function of the previously quantized vectors. The authors introduce a novel iterative algorithm for joint codebook and next state function design of full search finite-state vector quantizers. They consider the fixed-rate case, for which no optimal design strategy is known. A locally optimal set of codebooks is designed for the training data and then predecessors to the training vectors associated with each codebook are appropriately labelled and used in designing the classifier. The algorithm iterates between next state function and state codebook design until it arrives at a suitable solution. The proposed design consistently yields better performance than the traditional FSVQ design method (under identical state space and codebook constraints)

His excellency and the monk: a correspondence between Nyanaponika Thera and David Ben-Gurion

Between the years 1956 and 1962 the scholar-monk Nyanaponika Thera and the first Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion have exchanged eight long letters. These letters—published here for the first time—expose the extent of Ben-Gurion's interest in Buddhism and reveal the Buddhist rhetoric used by one of Sri Lanka's most influential scholars. This rhetoric, which was generally well received by Ben-Gurion, was an exemplar of 'Protestant Buddhism'. It is suggested that Ben-Gurion could relate to this image of Buddhism because it reflected his own vision of Judaism that had 'protestant' characteristics. The letters contain autobiographical notes, unpublished comments on the Buddhist concepts of Suffering and Rebirth, and a curious plan to invite Nyanaponika to Israel

The influence of individual characteristics and parenting behaviors on adolescent academic performance

The purpose of this study was to discover the effects of adolescent autonomy, parental academic involvement and parental academic expectations as they link gender, age, ethnicity, and immigrant generation to adolescent academic performance. A selected sample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data set (Add Health) was used to examine these relationships specifically for Latino/as with comparisons drawn to White, African American, and Asian adolescents. Special emphasis was also placed on gender differences for each ethnic/racial group. The outcome variable of adolescent academic performance was assessed using the adolescent\u27s reported grade point average (GPA). The sample was analyzed as a whole using a four-stage hierarchical regression model controlling for single versus dual-parent homes, the adult-to-child ratio in the home, parent education, mental and learning disabilities, depression, and self-esteem.;It was discovered that adolescent autonomy, parental involvement and parental expectations do not mediate the relationship between the independent variables (gender, age, ethnicity, and immigrant generation) and GPA but rather serve as additional explanatory variables. All three variables had a positive influence on academic performance regardless of gender or ethnicity. Most notably, parental involvement was the single strongest predictor of Latino/a adolescent performance, especially for Latino males. In addition, many of the relationships observed and the explanatory strength of the variables examined were ethnic- and gender-specific. Educational recommendations are made for working with ethnic minority males, as well as their parents, specifically those who are not native to the United States

Anisotropy of the upper critical fields and the paramagnetic Meissner effect in La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 single Crystals

Optimally-doped La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 single crystals have been investigated by dc and ac magnetic measurements. These crystals have rectangular needle-like shapes with the long needle axis parallel to the crystallographic c axis (c-crystal) or parallel to the basal planes (a-crystal). In both crystals, the temperature dependence of the upper critical fields (HC2) and the surface critical field (HC3) were measured. The H-T phase diagram is presented. Close to TC =35 K, for the c-crystal, {\gamma}c = / = 1.80(2), whereas for the a-crystal the {\gamma}a = / =4.0(2) obtained, is much higher than the theoretical value 1.69. At low applied dc fields, positive field-cooled branches known as the "paramagnetic Meissner effect" (PME) are observed, their magnitude is inversely proportional to H. The anisotropic PME is observed in both a- and c-crystals, only when the applied field is along the basal planes. It is speculated that the high {\gamma}a and the PME are connected to each other.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figuer

Ga NMR study of the local susceptibility in SrCr8Ga4O19: pseudogap and paramagnetic defects

We present the first Ga(4f) NMR study of the Cr susceptibility in the archetype of Kagome based frustrated antiferromagnets, SrCr$_{8}$Ga$_{4}$O$_{19}$. Our major finding is that the susceptibility of the frustrated lattice goes through a maximum around 50 K. Our data also supports the existence of paramagnetic ``clusters'' of spins, responsible for the Curie behavior observed in the macroscopic susceptibility at low T. These results set novel features for the constantly debated physics of geometrically frustrated magnets.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

A quest for frustration driven distortion in Y2Mo2O7

We investigated the nature of the freezing in the geometrically frustrated Heisenberg spin-glass Y2Mo2O7 by measuring the temperature dependence of the static internal magnetic field distribution above the spin-glass temperature, Tg, using the muSR technique. The evolution of the field distribution cannot be explained by changes in the spin susceptibility alone and suggests a lattice deformation. This possibility is addressed by numerical simulations of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian with magneto-elastic coupling at T>0.Comment: 5 pages 4 figures. Accepted for publication in PR