Mental health is not a luxury in pakistan

A day with a fever is taken serious enough to get off from work in contrast to a day with emotional distress. World health organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. However, mental health is not seen as an integral part of overall well-being in many cultures

Tracing VNC And RDP Protocol Artefacts on Windows Mobile and Windows Smartphone for Forensic Purpose

Remote access is the means of acquiring access to a computer or network remotely or from distance. It is typically achieved through the internet which connects people, corporate offices and telecommuters to the internal network of organizations or individuals. In recent years there has been a greater adoption of remote desktop applications that help administrators to configure and repair computers remotely over the network. However, this technology has also benefited cyber criminals. For example they can connect to computers remotely and perform illegal activity over the network. This research will focus on Windows mobile phones and the Paraben forensics software will be used to analyse the phones. The analysis will focus on any related Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and Remote Desktop protocol (RDP) artefacts left behind by the remote connection

Remote access forensics for VNC and RDP on Windows platform

There has been a greater implementation of remote access technologies in recent years. Many organisations are adapting remote technologies such as Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and remote desktop (RDP) applications as customer support application. They use these applications to remotely configure computers and solve computer and network issues of the client on spot. Therefore, the system administrator or the desktop technician does not have to sit on the client computer physically to solve a computer issue. This increase in adaptation of remote applications is of interest to forensic investigators; this is because illegal activities can be performed over the connection. The research will investigate whether remote protocols and applications do produce and leave valuable artefacts behind on Windows systems. The research aim to determine and retrieve any artefacts left behind remote protocols and applications in a forensic manner. Particular remote applications are selected to perform the research on and initial analysis will be performed on the applications to evaluate the potential forensic artefacts present on the computer system. The research will focus on Windows XP service packs 1, 2 & 3 for analysis of the remote applications and find out what artefacts if any are left behind these systems

All you need is some Friends to brighten up your day!

This paper is based on the popular comedy TV show Friends and aims to work out how much laughter is exercised in whole a series. This is used to work out how much energy is used for a person to laugh constantly at that amount of time. Thereafter using this amount of energy, it is calculated how many standard 100 W LED light bulbs can be powered for one minute using that energy. The key findings of this paper are that the approximate total amount of laughing in a whole Friends series is 1207 minutes, where 1520.82 calories based on that laughter can increase heart rate up to 20% from rest level [1]. This amount of energy is equivalent to lighting up a standard 100 W LED light bulb, assuming all the energy is used to light up the bulb

Structural and functional characterisation of PKCI

PKCI is a member of the highly conserved and ubiquitous HIT (Histidine triad) family of proteins. It was originally purified as an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) and proposed to bind zinc via the HIT motif. However, recent studies have shown that PKCI is not a regulator of PKC activity. In order to structurally and functionally characterise PKCI, the gene was cloned from a human T-cell cDNA library, expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein purified. The three-dimensional structure of PKCI was determined and refined at 2.2 Å resolution. The main structural feature of PKCI is a ten stranded β-sheet structure with a typical right handed twist that extends across two PKCI monomers to form a dimer. Each monomer consists of five antiparallel β-sheets and two β-helices. Circular dichroism studies show that while human PKCI does not bind zinc, maize PKCI binds zinc via Cysl07 but not the HIT motif. Although it has not been possible to detect an association between PKCI and 14-3-3, PKCI and 14-3-3 proteins appear to synergistically inhibit PKC activity. However, PKCI alone does not inhibit nor interact with PKC. To date, no definitive description of any function for PKCI has been reported. In order to elucidate a physiological function for PKCI, affinity chromatography was used to identify PKCI interacting proteins. Munc18-1 was identified as the major PKCI-binding protein in porcine brain. Munc18-1 is known to interact with syntaxin 1A and is required for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. I have shown that munc18-l and PKCI bind with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.3μM. Munc18-1 complexed with PKCI no longer binds to syntaxin 1A, suggesting a role for PKCI in neurotransmitter release where it may regulate SNARE complex formation. Injection of PKCI into squid giant presynaptic terminals reduces synaptic depression indicating that PKCI increases the number of synaptic vesicles available for neurotransmitter release. Immunofluorescence studies show that PKCI is localised to the plasma membrane, consistent with a potential interaction between PKCI and muncl8 in vivo. Together, these data demonstrate a potential physiological function for PKCI in synaptic vesicle exocytosis

The mp3 trilogy: a critique of the recent us cases involving the digital distribution of music

The goal of copyright law has always been to balance society's interest in access to information against the right of the creators to profit from the fruits of their labour. However, every so often copyright law comes up against a new technology that threatens the ability of copyright holders to enforce their rights. Initially, these new technologies seem to be the death knell to copyright protection, but in nearly every case copyright law has adjusted to the new technology. In the process often creating a lucrative source of revenue for the copyright holders who had initially been so opposed to its introduction. The Internet is the most recent in a line of copyright-threatening technologies. In the context of digital music, the Internet has upset the balance between the consumer and the copyright holder in an unprecedented manner. From the US perspective this thesis examines some of the first high-profile cases involving the Internet and digital music distribution. Firstly, the thesis provides a background to music, technology, and copyright law. Secondly, it details and critically analyses the Diamond, MP3.com and Napster cases. Next, the thesis highlights some legal and technological solutions to the current problems. Ultimately the thesis concludes that the legal legacy left behind by these cases is unsatisfactory. Questions remain unanswered and it seems that a landmark ruling is necessary on the legal status of everyday practices such as 'space-shifting' and 'sampling'. Furthermore, this thesis calls for the recording industry to consider cheaper and more secure alternatives to the current methods of distribution. If other more suitable alternatives are implemented successfully and the above legal questions answered decisively then a working business model compatible with the online environment could pave the way for the future, not only in the context of music but for all types of digital content

Two Strategies to Enhance Ungual Drug Permeation from UV-cured Films: Incomplete Polymerisation to Increase Drug Release and Incorporation of Chemical Enhancers

UV-curable gels, which polymerise into long-lasting films upon exposure to UVA, have been identified as potential topical drug carriers for the treatment of nail diseases. Limitations of such films include incomplete drug release and low ungual drug permeation. The aim of the work herein was therefore to investigate two strategies, namely: (1) increasing drug release from the film, and (2) increasing nailplate permeability, with the ultimate goal of enhancing ungual drug permeation. To increase drug release via Strategy 1, a UV-LED lamp (whose emitted light was suboptimal for gel polymerisation) was used, and it was hypothesised that such a lamp would result in films that are less polymerised/cross-linked and where the drugs are less ‘trapped’. Indeed, the suboptimal lamp influenced polymerisation, such that the films were thinner, had lower glass transition temperatures and enabled a slightly greater (by 15%) drug release of one of the two drugs tested. However, the greater drug release had only a modest impact on ungual drug permeation. To evaluate Strategy 2, i.e. increase nailplate permeability, chemical ungual enhancers, 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), 2-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), PEG 200 and water were incorporated within the UV-cured films. These chemicals caused increased ungual drug permeation, with ME showing the greatest (by 140%), and water showing the least (by 20%) increase in the amount of drug permeated by day 30. Surprisingly, these chemicals also caused increased drug release from the films, with ME once again having the greatest effect (by 51%) and water the least effect (by 12%). It seems that these chemicals were increasing ungual drug permeation via their influence on drug release (i.e. via their impact on the film) as well as via their influence on the nail itself. We conclude that, of the two strategies tested, the second strategy proved to be more successful at enhancing ungual drug permeation.Peer reviewe

Would it be feasible if everyone drove a car in the UK?

This paper investigates whether it would be feasible if everyone drove a car in the UK, considering the age population of 17 and over in the year 2019. In the context of this paper it is assumed that each person would drive a Vauxhall Corsa 1.0T Eco FLEX SE 5dr, and the whole land area of the UK was considered. It was shown that the total area taken up by cars would be 374.800 km2. In consideration of the whole land mass of the UK, there is enough space if everyone drove a car. By considering the road area of approximately 15284.74 km2 it will still be feasible, but may cause significant traffic

To what extent do in vitro tests correctly predict the in vivo residence of nail lacquers on the nail plate?

Pharmaceutical nail lacquers are used to topically treat nail fungal infections. The film's residence on the nail is an important factor, and in the laboratory, rapid in vitro adhesion and water resistance tests are often used to indicate their likely in vivo residence. However, the predictivity of such in vitro tests is unknown. The aim of this work was thus to determine whether, and to what extent, such in vitro tests can correctly predict the in vivo fate of nail lacquers. The in vivo residence of four commercially available nail lacquers (three pharmaceutical and one cosmetic) was determined in 16 volunteers. In vitro, the films' resistance to water, and their adhesion to a model nail plate was measured, and in vitro-in vivo correlations were explored. It was found that the in vitro films' resistance to water correctly predicted the in vivo residence of lacquers, while the adhesion tests did no