SAFETY ASPECTS OF KARATE AS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY

The present study reviewed karate injuries sustained during regular training, as well as competition, to examine the safety aspects of karate as physical education and an extracurricular activity. Karate injuries during regular exercise are usually minor, most commonly contusions, bruises, superficial scratches, sprains, and/or strains. The head/neck, and/or extremities were the most commonly injured regions. If karate is included as one of the activities in the school physical education curriculum, three hours or less per week training to practice basic techniques, prearranged-sparring, and kata, without free-sparring, is recommended. If free-sparring is allowed as practice in physical education classes and/or as an extracurricular activity, teachers or instructors should stress the importance of controlling the techniques and using noncontact forms of karate.  Article visualizations

The formation of the Warrior’s Status based on a review of the Hojyo-Ryu Heiho Series

[EN] Various Japanese budo have evolved into their modern form since the Meiji period (1868–1912)

Electron microscopic observation of polyoma DNA component I isolated by CsCl-ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation.

The DNA extracted from a purified preparation of polyoma virus was separated into two fractions situated in either light or dense bands by CsCl-ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation. The electron microscopic examination of the DNA in each band showed the molecular configuration of linear and circular DNA, respectively.It was previously considered that the DNA in the dense band consisted component I (closed supercoiled circular DNA) of polyoma virus, however this band contained a number of open circular DNA molecules which increased the length of circumference. The influence of dye binding on the molecular configuration of closed supescoiled circular DNA is discussed

HEALTH ASPECTS OF KARATE AS PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY

The present study examined energy expenditure, metabolic equivalent (MET) intensities of karate exercises for health promotion, and bone properties of karate practitioners to examine the health aspects of karate as physical education and an extracurricular activity. The mean energy expenditure following a 70-minute karate practice was 563 kcal for men and 268 kcal for women. The calculated mean MET intensities resulting from the 70-minute karate practice were 7.9 METs for men and 5.2 METs for women. The mean MET intensities of all exercises for men and women were above 3 METs which is defined as “active physical activity” in the “Physical Activity Reference for Health Promotion 2013” in Japan. Practicing karate, especially sparring techniques, may help to enhance bone mineral density. It appears that longer duration, higher frequency, and earlier start of physical training positively influenced skeletal status.  Article visualizations

A study of a karate trial teaching class in a teacher training course − based on students’ formative assessment

[EN] The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a karate trial teaching class in an initial teacher training course, through students’ formative assessment. It involved two case studies of trial teaching classes of karate and that of two other activities, taught by the students of an initial teacher training course. The results were assessed using the Students’ Formative Assessment of Physical Education (P.E.) Classes scale. Results showed significant differences between groups in “New discovery” (p<.05) and a trend toward statistical significance in “Skill growth”, “Fun Exercise” and “Learning friendly” (p<.10) based on the classes provided by karate and other teaching materials. This implies that karate might have different acute effects on students’ learning process in the context of school-level physical education

Experimental and theoretical diagnoses of yearly-scale nitrate ion spikes observed in a Dome Fuji shallow ice core

第3回極域科学シンポジウム　横断セッション「海・陸・氷床から探る後期新生代の南極寒冷圏環境変動」11月27日（火） 国立国語研究所 ２階講

In Vivo Imaging of Septic Encephalopathy

Septic encephalopathy is a devastating symptom of severe sepsis. Many studies have been performed to uncover the pathophysiological mechanisms of septic encephalopathy; however, novel technical approaches are still required to overcome this complex symptom. Because patients are suffering from severe cognitive impairment, coma, or delirium, which burden not only patients but also caregivers, overcoming septic encephalopathy is still a major social problem worldwide, especially in the intensive care. Septic encephalopathy seems to be caused by cytokine invasion and/or oxidative stress into the brain, and this pathological state leads to imbalance of neurotransmitters. In addition to this pathophysiology, septic encephalopathy causes complicated symptoms (e.g., ischemic stroke, edema, and aberrant sensory function). For these pathophysiological mechanisms, electrophysiology using animal models, positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for septic patients has provided important clues. However, the research for septic encephalopathy is currently confronted with the difficulty of complex symptoms. To overcome this situation, in this chapter, we introduce our novel methods for in vivo imaging of septic encephalopathy using near infrared (NIR) nanoparticles, quantum dots. In addition to our recent progress, we propose a strategy for the future approach to in vivo imaging of septic encephalopathy

Aerodynamic Flow Separation Control Using Plasma Actuator of Rectangular Cross Section with a Side Ratio of B/D=2

UK Wind Engineering Society Conference, 3–4 September 2018, Leeds, Englan