戦前日本の高等農業教育と植民地

2018/10/1 正誤表追

日本植民地の産業化と技術者 : 台湾糖業を事例に(1900-1910年代)

本稿は, 日本植民地の産業化を支えた技術者がどのように供給されたのかを明らかにするため, 台湾の製糖業を取り上げ, 総督府の研究機関および製糖会社に所属した技術者を考察した｡第1 に, 技術者の供給源について, 総督府の研究機関の全技術者, 製糖会社の上層技術者を対象に調査し, 製糖業で必要とされた3 つの技術体系(誘引技術, 蔗作技術, 製糖技術) のうち,蔗作技術者の上層人員は北大によって, 基層人員は九州の農学校によって主に供給され, 製糖技術者の上層人員は東京高工と大阪高工によって主に供給されていたことを明らかにした｡また, 技術者の供給ルートについて, 製糖会社の技術者確保にとって新卒者の採用に加えて研究機関の基層人員の中途採用が重要であったこと, 研究機関が｢技術者のポンプ｣(｢外地特典｣と｢昇進の二重構造｣を通じた非北大閥技術者の吸排) として機能していたことがそれを可能としていたことを指摘した

日本植民地における稲作用肥料消費量の推移 : 台湾と朝鮮の比較

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

ANGUSTIFOLIA3 Signaling Coordinates Proliferation between Clonally Distinct Cells in Leaves

SummaryCoordinated proliferation between clonally distinct cells via inter-cell-layer signaling largely determines the size and shape of plant organs [1–4]. Nonetheless, the signaling mechanism underlying this coordination in leaves remains elusive because of a lack of understanding of the signaling molecule (or molecules) involved. ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3, also called GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR1) encodes a putative transcriptional coactivator with homology to human synovial sarcoma translocation protein [5–7]. AN3 transcripts accumulate in mesophyll cells but are not detectable in leaf epidermal cells [8]. However, we found here that in addition to mesophyll cells [5, 6], epidermal cells of an3 leaves show defective proliferation. This spatial difference between the accumulation pattern of AN3 transcripts and an3 leaf phenotype is explained by AN3 protein movement across cell layers. AN3 moves into epidermal cells after being synthesized within mesophyll cells and helps control epidermal cell proliferation. Interference with AN3 movement results in abnormal leaf size and shape, indicating that AN3 signaling is indispensable for normal leaf development. AN3 movement does not require type II chaperonin activity, which is needed for movement of some mobile proteins [9]. Taking these findings together, we present a novel model emphasizing the role of mesophyll cells as a signaling source coordinating proliferation between clonally independent leaf cells

1930年代日本・シャム経済提携の挫折 ―シャム製糖会社への出資をめぐって―

本稿の目的は，1930年代の日本・シャム経済提携が挫折した要因を，その出発点とされたシャム製糖会社への出資問題の考察を通じて解明することである。先行研究では，経済提携の挫折要因は，日本側の積極性とシャム側の消極性という構図で説明されてきた。本稿では，日本側の主体を外交主体（政府）と出資主体（糖業連合会）に分けて捉え，政府は経済提携に積極的であったのに対して糖業連合会は出資に消極的であったこと，その要因は，出資の判断基準とされた糖業保護政策をシャム政府から引き出せなかったからであったことを明らかにした。そして，経済提携の挫折要因は，シャム政府の消極外交のみに求められるのではなく，その姿勢が糖業連合会の出資を躊躇させることによって，従来は経済提携に積極的と見なされていた日本側からも生み出されていたと結論付けた

日本植民地における「同化」の経済的条件 ―台湾人の入浴習慣の変容―

本稿は，日本植民地における「同化」の経済的条件を解明する試論として，同化の重要な指標とされた「衛生」に着目し，台湾人の入浴行動の変容とその限界の要因を経済的現象と関係づけながら考察した。考察の結果，台湾人は特に夏季にはほぼ毎日洗身し，そのうち「有識階級」の男性を主軸とする一部の人々が，約２～３週間に１度のペースで浴場を利用したであろうということ，彼らが利用した浴場は湯屋や公共浴場のほか，公学校に併設された教員宿舎の浴場が重要であったのではないかということを指摘した。また，台湾人が入浴するには，浴場に必須の大量の温水を容易に得られるか否かという都市インフラの整備の問題，安価な石鹸が供給され続けるかという市場の問題と密接に関係しており，同化は政治的問題であると共に，経済的問題でもあったことを指摘した

MODELLING INGREDIENT OF JAMU TO PREDICT ITS EFFICACY

Jamu is an Indonesian herbal medicine made from a mixture of several plants.  Nowadays, many jamu are  produced commercially by many industries in Indonesia.  Each producer may have their own jamu formula. However, one is certain; the efficacy of jamu is determined by the composition of the plants used.  Thus, it is interesting to model the ingredient of jamu which consist of plants and use it to predict efficacy of jamu.  In this analysis, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) is used in modeling jamu ingredients to predict  the  efficacy.  It  is  obtained  that  utilizing the prediction of  y ij obtained  from  PLSDA  directly  rather  than  use  it  to calculate probability of jamu i belong to efficacy j and then use the probability to predict efficacy produces lower False Positive Rate (FPR) in predicting efficacy group.  Keywords: Jamu, PLSD

シコク レイジョウ ト シゼン シンボク シゼン ケイカン ジモン ニツイテ

In order to understand relations between the 88-temple pilgrimage in Shikoku Island and the nature around the pilgrimage route，we made comprehensive research on the temples from the 1st to 5th of the 88 temples and the Ooasahiko Shrine (the most respected shrine and is neighboring to the Ryozenji Temple). In this report，we describe about following three points; 1) history of sacred trees，2) history of landscape and 3) crests of the temples. As for the first point，there are big sacred trees in the shrine and the two temples，a camphor tree in the Ooasahiko Shrine，a cedar tree in the Gokurakuji Temple，that is called "long-life cedar" and a ginkgo tree in the Jizoji Temple that is called “mother's breast ginkgo". However，we could find a few records on them written in old literatures. A distinct tree in the picture written in Edo era may be identical to the ginkgo tree of the Jizoji Temple. As for the second point，pine forests were dominant in the mountains around the shrine and the temples in Edo era，however，they have almost completely disappeared due to pine wilt disease. Moreover，fields of indigo and sugar cane along with the route of the pilgrimage in Edo era have also disappeared，and now orchards are conspicuous in this area. As for the last point，all five temples use plants as their crest，the flower of paulownia tree in the Ryozenji Temple and the Gokurakuji Temple，the flower of chrysanthemum in the Konsenji Temple，the flower of Tachibana in the Dainichiji Temple and the pine tree in the Jizoji Temple. Since there is no detailed research on the crests of the 88 temples further investigation is expected

Development and validation of a new scoring system for prognostic prediction of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults

The discriminative power of CURB-65 for mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is suspected to decrease with age. However, a useful prognostic prediction model for older patients with CAP has not been established. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scoring system for predicting mortality in older patients with CAP. We recruited two prospective cohorts including patients aged ≥ 65 years and hospitalized with CAP. In the derivation (n = 872) and validation cohorts (n = 1, 158), the average age was 82.0 and 80.6 years and the 30-day mortality rate was 7.6% (n = 66) and 7.4% (n = 86), respectively. A new scoring system was developed based on factors associated with 30-day mortality, identified by multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort. This scoring system named CHUBA comprised five variables: confusion, hypoxemia (SpO2 ≤ 90% or PaO2 ≤ 60 mmHg), blood urea nitrogen ≥ 30 mg/dL, bedridden state, and serum albumin level ≤ 3.0 g/dL. With regard to 30-day mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CURB-65 and CHUBA was 0.672 (95% confidence interval, 0.607–0.732) and 0.809 (95% confidence interval, 0.751–0.856; P < 0.001), respectively. The effectiveness of CHUBA was statistically confirmed in the external validation cohort. In conclusion, a simpler novel scoring system, CHUBA, was established for predicting mortality in older patients with CAP