Quantum receiver beyond the standard quantum limit of coherent optical communication

The most efficient modern optical communication is known as coherent communication and its standard quantum limit (SQL) is almost reachable with current technology. Though it has been predicted for a long time that this SQL could be overcome via quantum mechanically optimized receivers, such a performance has not been experimentally realized so far. Here we demonstrate the first unconditional evidence surpassing the SQL of coherent optical communication. We implement a quantum receiver with a simple linear optics configuration and achieve more than 90% of the total detection efficiency of the system. Such an efficient quantum receiver will provide a new way of extending the distance of amplification-free channels, as well as of realizing quantum information protocols based on coherent states and the loophole-free test of quantum mechanics.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

高齢者におけるフォワードランジ動作の運動機能評価としての可能性

The relationship between routinely administered strength measurement items and forward lunges between parallel bars was examined in this experiment clarified. Furthermore, the possibility of using lunges as a simple reference for physical strength in elderly individuals was investigated. Subjects were 11 elderly men （average age, 64.4±8.7 years；range, 52-80 years） who could participate in strength measurement activities. A significant positive correlation was observed between the forward lunge ratio between the parallel bars and hamstring strength. Since the forward lunge motion between the bars was constantly supported by the parallel bars with the arms, this measurement method had a higher level of safety and a lower possibility of subjects falling, than if normal forward lunges had been performed. Therefore, this activity is considered to be a favorable means for measuring body strength in elderly individuals

パーキンソン病患者の歩行障害に関する動作解析(自然科学系)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease of the elderly with characteristic symptoms Including gait abnormality. This study was carried out to reveal whether the provision of a goal affects the walking for patients with PD. Ten patients with PD aged 60-77 as well as 6 normal volunteers aged 64-72, as a control group, were examined. All these subjects were tested to walk straight forward 10 meters, with and without a chair (as a goal) placed forward to sit on. Walking of these subjects were analyzed by estimation of temporal, distance and kinematic factors on motion pictures taken by video camera system. When the goal was provided, patients with PD walked significantly slower with shorter step length than in non-provision. Besides, the goal restricted their knee joint movement and increased the ratio of double supporting period. These results suggest that patients with PD may be less able to walk with a goal provided than without one

体組成と脈波伝播速度からみた思春期女性の生活習慣病危険因子の検討

We reviewed what kind of factors became lifestyle-related diseases risk factors in girls at puberty. The purpose of this study was to gather data for the primary prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. Subjects were 57 basically healthy girls at the age of puberty，from seventh grade to twelfth grade. We measured body composition including bone density of the whole body using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. We used form PWV/ABI（Omron Colin Co.，Ltd.，Japan）for the measurement of Pulse Wave Velocity. It became clear that there was a danger of elevated baPWV values in girls whose percentage of body fat and soft tissue fat rate were low. On the other hand，it became clear that bone mineral density（BMD）was likely high in subjects whose percentage of body fat and soft tissue fat rate were high. It is thought that a higher-than-standard percent of body fat becomes an advantage for elevated bone density. From these results，it was concluded that lifestyle-related disease risk factors for girls at puberty with a high rate of body fat are low

思春期女性の踵骨骨評価値に対する利き足の影響に関する検討

When I perform bone evaluation by supersonic wave measurement，I only evaluate the right foot without considering the subject’s laterality，or potential differences between right and left foot bone density. Puberty is the period during which bone density rises，and during which the influence of mechanical stress is considered great，and evaluation of the right foot has been considered sufficient to clarify this effect. From the viewpoint of general health and prevention of osteoporosis we must measure one’s bone density in puberty， raise the peak bone mass，and maintain it. The present experiment was performed to clarify what kind of influence laterality of foot and exercise habits had on the bone density of the right calcaneus. Exercise habits did not have much influence on the bone density rise if the right foot was non-dominant. However，a meaningful connection was recognized between exercise habits and bone density rise if the right foot was dominant. From these results，it was thought that the measurement of calcaneus bone density by a supersonic wave method in puberty is more effective if the dominant foot is used

若年女性の生活習慣と脂質代謝の関連に関する検討

The purpose of this study is to review the factors influencing lipid metabolism of young women in terms of both exercise and nutrition. From the side of nutrition，we reviewed how lipid metabolism is influenced by taking a commercial fish oil supplement（LIQUAMEN）. Total cholesterol deteriorated significantly by taking LIQUAMEN. Improvement of lipid metabolism by LIQUAMEN was suggested. The value of HDL-cholesterol，adiponectin，and leptin were significantly lower in the group of living activity strength Ⅱ while the values of TG and TNF-α increased significantly. This result suggested the possibility that lipid metabolism deteriorated in subjects whose activity was below a certain amount. It also suggested the possibility that lipid metabolism improved in those whose activity was above a certain amount. In the body fat-to-weight ratio， the living activity strengthⅢ・ Ⅳ group showed a significantly lower tendency compared to the group of living activity strength Ⅱ and the group of living activity strengthⅢ・ Ⅳ . This finding suggested that if activity was greater than a certain amount，the body fat-to-weight ratio tended to be comparatively low

高齢者のフォワードランジにおける後脚の運動特性

フォワードランジ(forward lunge : 以下FL)の後脚は身体重心の前方移動の推進と後方移動の制動を担っている。今回、高齢者のFL動作における後脚の関節運動と片脚支持の重心動揺を測定し、後脚の運動とバランス機能の関連を明らかにすることを目的とした。高齢群は左右方向への重心動揺が大きく、床反力の左右成分においても若年群に比べて有意に大きな数値を示した。高齢者のFL動作における後脚の働きは、左右方向への重心移動を制動する能力低下を反映するものと考えられた。若年群では重心動揺測定値とステップ比に高い相関が認められたが、高齢群では認められなかった。これは、開眼片脚起立バランスの低下した高齢者においては、FL動作の後脚が推進力を発生よりも動作時の重心の制動に機能することを示唆していると考えられた。Rear leg during forward lunge exercise bears promotion of movement of center of gravity forward and braking of rear movement. This time, in the elderly persons, we measure the angle of the joint and postural sway of the rear leg. It aimed to clarify the balance function of the rear leg for the relation to the FL exercise in the elderly persons. Elderly group\u27s postural sway to the right and left was especially large, and the floor reaction force increased the force of the right and left direction than young group in the right and left. The characteristic of rear leg during forward lunge exercise in the elderly persons was thought that the braking disability of the postural sway to the right and left was reflected. Moreover, there was a high correlation between compared with a part of postural sway measurements and the step ratio in a young group. However, such a relation was not in the elderly group. In the elderly persons who decreases the resting upright positioning balance, it was suggested that the function of the rear leg of FL exercise in the elderly persons acted on braking of the center of gravity rather than generating the impellent

十六世紀中期における備後の在地領主と大名勢力との相互関係について―山内首藤氏を主題として―

publisher奈良元来、戦国時代を取り上げた論文や論考は多数存在している。その中でも、西日本を代表する戦国大名である毛利氏は、戦国大名の中でも特異な例として注目されており、多くの研究が行われている。しかし、これらの研究のほとんどが毛利氏にその主眼を置いたものであり、在地領主側に主眼を置いたものはほとんどない。さらには、多層的である、といわれる毛利氏の領国に内包されていた在地領主を取り上げた論文は少数であり、研究の余地がある、と私は考えている