Comprehensive analysis of tonsil flora of IgA nephropathy patients compared with those of control patients by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method (A) Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on tonsil-associated bacterial composition in control and IgA nephropathy patient:

<p>Result of PLS-DA on DGGE band data set of each control (red) and IgA nephropathy patient (blue) are shown (n = 68 and 28, respectively). Proportions of the first (PC1), second (PC2), and third (PC3) components are 50.1%, 13.3%, and 3.78%, respectively. <b>(B) Results of PCR-Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis:</b> Specific DGGE bands in IgA nephropathy patients were shown as A, B, and C.</p

Patient characteristics in each bacterial flora.

<p>RAS, renin angiotension system; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate;</p><p>Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range).</p

Multivaliate Cox proportional-hazards regression model for urinary occult blood remission rate.

<p>HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; RAS, renin angiotension system; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DGGE, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis.</p>*<p>Statistically significant.</p

Associations between urinary protein remission and distinct kinds of bacteria; <i>Treponema sp.</i>, <i>Haemophilus segnis</i>, <i>Campylobacter rectus</i>, and <i>Treponema sp.</i> or <i>Campylobacter rectus</i>.

<p>Differences in urinary protein remission with or without bacterial flora were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and tested using log-rank. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p

Multivaliate Cox proportional-hazards regression model for urinary protein remission rate.

<p>HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; RAS, renin angiotension system; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DGGE, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis.</p>*<p>Statistically significant.</p