Interactional Diversity and the Role of a Supportive Racial Climate

ABSTRACT Title of Document: INTERACTIONAL DIVERSITY AND THE ROLE OF A SUPPORTIVE RACIAL CLIMATE Leah Kendra Cox Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation Directed By: Dr. Susan R. Komives, Professor Department of Counseling and Personnel Services This study examines student's perception of the campus racial climate and interactional diversity at selective undergraduate liberal arts institutions through an examination of data collected in the 2005 National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). Student responses are selected from institutions identified as members of a specified group of Virginia peers and institutions identified as members of COPLAC. The primary variables used to assess climate and diversity include: class standing, race, gender, institution type, enrollment, location and compositional diversity (i.e., racial composition). Findings indicate that perceptions of the campus racial climate are primarily related to class standing. In addition, it was determined that a significant predictor of interactional diversity is student's perception of a supportive racial campus climate. Finally, findings lend initial credibility to the claim that seniors and females perceive a less supportive campus climate at some institutions

Structural, protonation, and complexation studies of ionophores A23187, 4-ClA23187, and 23,24-Br(2)A23187.

A23187 is a carboxylic acid polyether ionophore best known for transporting calcium through membranes. However, it has been shown that it transports Zn 2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+ more selectively than Ca2+. Derivatives of A23187 may increase this selectivity by disrupting the hydrogen bonding network of MA2 complexes and selectively transporting metal ions by alternate transport complexes. The goal of this project is to characterize binding properties of two derivatives, 4-ClA23187 and 23,24-Br2A23187, which may exhibit an increase in selectivity (relative to A23187) for metal ions Zn2+, relative to Ca2+.Protonation properties have been studied for A23187, and one new protonation constant, pKa2 (representing the deprotonation of the pyrrole nitrogen), was measured to be 11.4. 4-ClA23187 and 23,24-Br2A23187 also were found to have pKa2 values of 11.4.The derivative 23,24-Br2A23187 was determined to have approximately equal KHMA values as the parent compound, and increased selectivity for transport of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+ over Ca2+. The basis for the increase in selectivity may be due to the higher values for KMA for Zn2+ and Cd2+ than for Ca2+. The MA complex has four donor atoms from one ligand and a neutral charge, which may be sufficient to transport some divalent metal ions with no additional ions binding to the complex.The derivative 4-ClA23187 was determined to have lower binding constants for KHMA than the parent compound, and increased transport selectivity of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+ over Ca2+. The basis for this increase in selectivity may be due to the lower binding constants (KHMA and KMA2) than the parent compound, and a weakened hydrogen bond network due to the presence of the chlorine substituent on the benzoxazole moiety

2018 Establishing groundwater Nitrate / Nitrite levels In Hamilton, Montana & local areaMarch

We propose to collect emergent groundwater around Hamilton, using standardized collection methods that include quality and control samples with analysis performed at a certified drinking water testing laboratory (Energy Labs). Nitrate background in natural groundwater systems should contain less that\u27s 1 mg/L nitrates (U.S. Geological Survey) but in our aquifer, nitrates/nitrites should be less than 0.25 mg/L based on previous sampling. We will map the locations of the samples and use local hydrology data to help determine the source and flow direction of the groundwater. Routine testing and reporting of groundwater quality in our community will help protect our health and the economy of our river. Groundwater in sand and gravel aquifers from shallow wells supplies all the Hamilton area drinking water. The aquifers receive recharge from streams and ditches flowing in from he sides of the valley and the shallow aquifers discharge to the Bitterroot River and to ditches that flow past the West and north edge of Hamilton. we plan to collect about a dozen samples in an arc around the down gradient edge of Hamilton from these groundwater discharges. Nitrates are tasteless and odorless, and are often the first sign of deterioration of groundwater quality. Nitrates are a health threat because they can cause blue baby syndrome and may function as initiators of human carcinogenesis. Nitrates are also an environmental threat because they cause eutrophication damage to surface water aquatic environments in the Bitterroot River. High densities of private septic systems, and large acreages that receive fertilizer or that support farm animals are located up gradient to the south and eats of Hamilton. these are probable sources of pollution to shallow groundwater

Skunk River Review Fall 2002, vol 14

https://openspace.dmacc.edu/skunkriver/1010/thumbnail.jp

Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Phosphorylates Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) at Serine 1035 to Stimulate Cell Migration

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is well known for its ability to promote cell migration through deacetylation of its cytoplasmic substrates such as α-tubulin. However, how HDAC6 itself is regulated to control cell motility remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that one third of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton in cells. Yet, no connection between HDAC6 and ERK has been discovered. Here, for the first time, we reveal that ERK binds to and phosphorylates HDAC6 to promote cell migration via deacetylation of α-tubulin. We have identified two novel ERK-mediated phosphorylation sites: threonine 1031 and serine 1035 in HDAC6. Both sites were phosphorylated by ERK1 in vitro, whereas Ser-1035 was phosphorylated in response to the activation of EGFR-Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway in vivo. HDAC6-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts rescued by the nonphosphorylation mimicking mutant displayed significantly reduced cell migration compared with those rescued by the wild type. Consistently, the nonphosphorylation mimicking mutant exerted lower tubulin deacetylase activity in vivo compared with the wild type. These data indicate that ERK/HDAC6-mediated cell motility is through deacetylation of α-tubulin. Overall, our results suggest that HDAC6-mediated cell migration could be governed by EGFR-Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling

Racial differences in breast cancer survival in the Detroit Metropolitan area

African American (AA) women have poorer breast cancer survival compared to Caucasian American (CA) women. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) and treatment differences influence racial differences in breast cancer survival . The study population included 9,321 women (82% CA, 18% AA) diagnosed with local (63%) or regional (37%) stage disease between 1988 and 1992, identified through the Metropolitan Detroit SEER registry. Data on SES were obtained through linkage with the 1990 Census of Population and Housing Summary Tape and cases were geocoded to census block groups. Pathology, treatment and survival data were obtained through SEER. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare survival for AA versus CA women after adjusting for age, SES, tumor size, number of involved lymph nodes, and treatment. AA␣women were more likely to live in a geographic area classified as working poor than were CA women ( p <0.001). AA women were less likely to have lumpectomy and radiation and more likely to have mastectomy with radiation ( p <0.001). After multivariable adjusted analysis, there were no significant racial differences in survival among women with local stage disease, although AA women with regional stage disease had persistent but attenuated poorer survival compared to CA women. After adjusting for known clinical and SES predictors of survival, AA and CA women who are diagnosed with local disease demonstrate similar overall and breast cancer-specific survival, while race continues to have an independent effect among women presenting at a later stage of disease.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44238/1/10549_2005_Article_9103.pd

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead