Main tank injection pressurization program

Computer program predicts performance of fluorine-hydrogen main tank injection pressurization system for full range of liquid-hydrogen-fueled space vehicles. Analytical model includes provisions for heat transfer, injectant jet penetration, and ullage gas mixing. Analysis predicts GF2 usage, ullage gas and tank wall temperatures, and LH2 evaporation

Vehicle-scale investigation of a fluorine-hydrogen main tank injection pressurization system Final report, 1 Jul. 1969 - 31 Jul. 1970

Vehicle-scale analysis of fluorine-hydrogen main tank injection pressurization syste

Computer and IT skills of Australian first-year university undergraduate students

The use of computers and information technology is becoming more widespread in chemical education and in the wider community and workforce. Universities are increasing the use of computers and information technology in their teaching and learning programs. The Australian situation, reported here, can be viewed as a microcosm, reflecting a world-wide trend.The penetration of general IT literacy and ability amongst Australian undergraduate students is rising rapidly. This paper reports surveys of the detailed IT skills of Australian undergraduate students. To the best of our knowledge, apart from our own work, there have been no other published surveys of specific IT skills. Most students have some reasonable computer skills at the start of their university studies, but the level of skill is not uniformly high. In fact, many IT literate students lack a sufficient level of skill to use the new technologies, including full use of web-based flexible learning. There is an urgent need for IT training for university students in order to achieve successful learning outcomes using IT and to satisfy the needs of future employers.This article, which is the second in a series (1) of investigations on the computer skills of undergraduate students at the start of university, is an expanded version of a paper presented at the World Chemistry Congress held in Brisbane (Australia) during 1-6 July 2001.<br /

Informal Online Networks for Learning: Making Use of Incidental Learning Through Recreation

Contemporary tertiary students require a different set of skills from the population of students who attended university campuses even just a decade ago. The modern student is expected to be comfortable and often proficient with both printed and digital resources. Such a level of expertise is necessary not only so students can access study materials, but to also enable them to efficiently filter information, communicate using diverse methods and store relevant resources within practical and logical systems. Many university courses now include components which provide opportunities for students to develop digital information competencies and such skills are almost essential to succeed within current academic and employment contexts. This paper suggests that technologically related and information management skills and expertises need not only be developed within formal educational settings. It is our experience that the modern day student can be encouraged to access a variety of recreational digital resources and experience effective learning through these experiences in a more incidental, informal manner. We have identified five main categories of online networks: (1) common interest communities (e.g., e-groups, hobby sites); (2) competition and game sites (e.g., networked multi-player games, entering competitions); (3) file download sites (e.g., Napster, clipart); (4) corporate and e-commerce sites (e.g., internet banking, online shopping); and (5) information access sites (e.g., maps, timetables, White Pages). Participating in these online networks can allow students to develop many useful skills including database searching, information filtering, data storage and retrieval, critical analysis of resources and effective online communication. This paper examines a range of examples which demonstrate how a number of useful academic skills can be developed using non-traditional, less academic approaches in order to maintain and improve student motivation, enjoyment levels and learning outcomes in tertiary situations

Instructional Design Partnerships Across Universities: Motivations, Methods and Measures

This paper explores and documents a learning partnership that has developed between two instructional designers employed at two different universities in Perth, Western Australia. The value of this crossinstitutional partnership is initially investigated in terms of the benefits involved for the professional careers of each instructional designer. The context of the university faculty in which the instructional designers operate is appraised. Also, the wider consequences of this partnership are considered in terms of the influence it has on other Australian tertiary education providers. The analysis of the partnership will be built upon an appropriate constructivist theoretical framework

Comparative and critical analysis: The roles of civic and traditional journalism

This research contains a comparative and critical analysis of both civic and traditional journalism and the practices associated with the two models. In depth interviews were conducted with a total of nine respondents to explore their perspectives on the topic. Purposive sampling was employed to ensure the sample consisted solely of journalists and former journalists. From the data emerged five primary themes: Objectivity, Journalists as Problem Solvers, Confusion with the Term Civic Journalism, Journalists\u27 Encouragement of Political Discourse and Deliberation, and Dedication to Traditional Journalism. Respondents overwhelmingly supported the notion of traditional journalism as the dominant model. There was support for some practices utilized by the civic journalism model, however, the values endemic to traditional journalism, remaining objective and detached, appeared to be a professional priority for the majority of the sample

The role of GPR43 in the immune system: a novel connection between diet, gut microbiota and immune function

The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract shapes the development of the immune system. Recent evidence indicates that normal intestinal microbiota might protect against the development of inflammatory diseases. The gut microbiota have been proposed to produce factors that are beneficial to the host for the regulation of immune responses. These factors have been termed symbiosis factors. One of these symbiosis factors may be short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are produced by fermentation of dietary fibre by intestinal microbiota. A feature of human ulcerative colitis, asthma and Rheumatoid arthritis is a change in ‘healthy’ microbiota such as Bifidobacterium and Bacteriodes. In colitis this change in microbiota has also been shown to be concurrent with a reduction in SCFA. Moreover, increased intake of fermentable dietary fibre, or SCFA, is clinically beneficial in the treatment of colitis. SCFA bind the G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43, also known as FFAR2), and here we show that SCFA–GPR43 interactions profoundly affect inflammatory responses. Stimulation of GPR43 by SCFA was necessary for the normal resolution of inflammatory responses. GPR43-deficient (Gpr43-/-) mice showed exacerbated or unresolving inflammation in models of colitis, arthritis and asthma. This related to increased production of inflammatory mediators by Gpr43- /- immune cells, increased immune cell recruitment and intrinsic defects in Gpr43-/- neutrophils. Germ-free mice, which are devoid of bacteria and produce little or no SCFA, showed a similar dysregulation of certain inflammatory responses. Altered composition of the gut microflora, caused by Western diet, or use of antibiotics, has been suggested as a reason for the increased incidence of allergies and asthma in humans. SCFA-GPR43 interactions could represent a central mechanism to account for affects of diet and gut microflora on immune responses and may represent new avenues for understanding and potentially manipulating immune responses

Presidential Address: The Scholar and the State Revisited: Further Words of Caution

Le Président de la Société historique du Canada, John Kendle, nous rappelle dans son discours qu'en 1971, Roger Graham, alors Président de la Société, voyait avec inquiétude s'accroître la dépendance des chercheurs vis-à-vis du gouvernement pour le financement de leurs travaux de recherche. Il craignait que dans un futur rapproché cette dépendance ne s'étende aux sujets mêmes de la recherche, donnant ainsi à l'Etat un moyen d'intervention directe dans les affaires des Universités. Ses appréhensions reposaient également sur les recommandations du Rapport Lamontagne, paru l'année précédente, selon lesquelles il devrait y avoir dorénavant plus de pertinence entre la recherche, les objectifs nationaux et les besoins sociaux.Les événements des dernières années démontrent bien que Graham avait vu juste. De plus en plus, en effet, les professionnels dans les domaines des Sciences sociales et des Humanités ont vu leur rôle circonscrit par des décisions politiques présumément prises dans l'intérêt de la Nation. L'histoire du CRSHC des dernières années, les politiques qui lui ont été imposées et les limites de fonds dont il a été l'objet en témoignent d'ailleurs fort éloquemment. Les implications multiples qui en découlent touchent de près notre Société. Il est donc important que ses membres prennent une part active au débat pour faire en sorte que l'aide apporté aux arts et aux lettres par l'Etat ne se transforme pas en contrôle de l'Etat. Il est bon que l'on se rappelle cet idéal en cette année du 25e anniversaire du Conseil des Arts et du 60e anniversaire de la Société historique du Canada

NEUROPILIN-1 IS UPREGULATED BY HTLV-1 bZIP FACTOR AND INHIBITS CELL-TO-CELL TRANSMISSION OF HTLV-1

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of devastating diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 relies heavily on cell-to-cell transmission as free virions are poorly infectious. Although cell-to-cell transmission is critical for efficient spread of HTLV-1, much is unknown about the impact of extracellular proteins on viral transmission. Infection studies have been predominantly focused on HTLV-1 Transactivator protein (Tax), a viral protein with many roles in infection. HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) has recently been implicated infection, but relatively little is known about the role of HBZ in HTLV-1 viral spread. In this study, we found that HBZ upregulates expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1). Neuropilin-1 is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane receptor and an HTLV-1 receptor. HBZ is known to interact with a variety of cellular transcription factors, including AP-1 basic leucine zipper (bZIP) factors and cAMP response element binding protein (CBP)/p300 coactivator proteins. Our results indicate that HBZ interacts with certain AP-1 bZIP factors and CBP/p300 at a putative enhancer site downstream of NRP1. We propose a model in which HBZ upregulates NRP1 expression by forming an HBZ/AP-1 bZIP factor heterodimer, which interacts with the putative enhancer site with CBP/p300 coactivators and basal transcription machinery to upregulate expression of NRP1. Intriguingly, we discovered that NRP1 expression on HTLV-1-infected T-cells inhibits cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1. Furthermore, NRP1 expression does not alter virion release from infected cells, suggesting that NRP1 doesn’t inhibit transmission through virion retention. We also provide evidence that NRP1 is incorporated into viral particles, resulting in a reduction in virion infectivity. Together, these results indicate that HBZ upregulates expression of NRP1, which reduces infection efficiency