STEM Education in the Elementary School Classroom

There is a disparity in research conducted for STEM education across elementary, middle, high school, and college. STEM learning teaches students to ask questions, look at a problem through multiple lenses, work collaboratively with others, plan carefully, become flexible, embrace change, improve upon their idea, persevere through challenges, and open themselves up to discussing new ideas and differing points of view. The literature review revealed the differing schools of thought regarding STEM education, a variety of implementation methods, and the changes seen in classrooms detailing how students connect in class curricula to real world examples. The literature also highlighted a gap in knowledge as a result of a lack of research conducted on STEM education in elementary school classrooms. This qualitative research was conducted through the lens of constructivism and utilized a mixed methods phenomenological approach. The data was gathered by surveying and interviewing elementary school teachers incorporating STEM education in their classrooms. Findings identify that STEM education produces students with better conflict-resolution skills, self-taught teachers out of a lack of opportunity, and out of pocket expenses. These findings have implications for elementary educators and districts by outlining the skills instilled in students through STEM learning and raises awareness on the financial cost placed on educators. This thesis proposes that in order for STEM education to become interwoven in elementary education specific funding needs to be available for training opportunities and grade level curricula aligned with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)

The role of social values in the management of ecological systems

The concept of value is central to the practice and science of ecological management and conservation. There is a well-developed body of theory and evidence that explores concepts of value in different ways across different disciplines including philosophy, economics, sociology and psychology. Insight from these disciplines provides a robust and sophisticated platform for considering the role of social values in ecological conservation, management and research. This paper reviews theories of value from these disciplines and discusses practical tools and instruments that can be utilised by researchers and practitioners. A distinction is highlighted between underlying values that shape people's perception of the world (e.g. altruistic or biospheric value orientations), and the values that people assign to things in the world (e.g. natural heritage, money). Evidence from numerous studies has shown that there are multiple pathways between these values and attitudes, beliefs and behaviours relevant to ecological management and conservation. In an age of increasing anthropogenic impacts on natural systems, recognising how and why people value different aspects of ecological systems can allow ecological managers to act to minimise conflict between stakeholders and promote the social acceptability of management activities. A series of practical guidelines are provided to enable social values to be better considered in ecosystem management and research

Swine Influenza A Outbreak, Fort Dix, New Jersey, 1976

Published literature and events surrounding the outbreak are reviewed

Young peoples’ reflections on what teachers think about family obligations that conflict with school: A focus on the non-normative roles of young caring and language brokering

In “Western” contexts school attendance is central for an ‘ideal’ childhood. However, many young people engage with home roles that conflict with school expectations. This paper explores perceptions of that process in relation two home activities - language brokering and young caring. We interviewed 46 young people and asked them to reflect on what the teacher would think when a child had to miss school to help a family member. This paper discusses the young people’s overall need to keep their out-of-school lives private from their teachers

Literature

Literature has been proposed as a means to enrich an understanding of ethical issues within medicine and health care and as a resource in medical education. Its proponents argue for the value of understanding human suffering, and the experience of health care, through literature, rather than solely through the more abstract and analytic philosophical methods of bioethics. Literature is claimed to serve as a corrective to the rational and individualist approaches of bioethics, by drawing attention to ‘our vulnerable and interdependent human existence.’ In this essay the history of a relationship between ethics and literature is discussed, along with more recent scholarship on the ethical relevance of literature, and research focusing on the constitution of ethics as literary form. It is apparent that literature, and especially futurist writing and science fiction, has an influence on the construction and understanding of ethical issues for both specialist practitioners and the lay public. It is concluded that literature enhances understanding of ethical issues in health care and research, and the manner in which it does so needs to be better understood through the skills of literary analysis as a necessary complement to bioethical analysis

Improving design education at Kanazawa Intitute of Technology

A Task Force made up of a multicultural group of visiting professors at KIT, worked together with Japanese counterparts to develop materials to Improve Design Education At Kanazawa Institute of Technology (IDEA-KIT), Japan. The IDEA-KIT Task Force decided to use the Design Engineering Process that we teach to address the problem related to improving design education. The Task Force mission was to identify problems and needs in Engineering Design Education (EDE), to develop design specifications for educational materials to meet these needs, to generate a large number of concepts for ways to satisfy the design specifications, and select the best and most feasible ones for development to a level appropriate for classroom use in the autumn quarter of 1999. To facilitate implementation at KIT, all materials developed were to be modular, easy to use for both the faculty and students, and provide guidance in managing courses and standardising practices.As with any new programme, there were significant challenges in developing and implementing the EDE programme at KIT. While some challenges were anticipated, most did not show their true difficulty until experience in running the programme was available

Neonicotinoids Disrupt Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Honey Bees

Honey bees are critical pollinators in ecosystems and agriculture, but their numbers have significantly declined. Declines in pollinator populations are thought to be due to multiple factors including habitat loss, climate change, increased vulnerability to disease and parasites, and pesticide use. Neonicotinoid pesticides are agonists of insect nicotinic cholinergic receptors, and sub-lethal exposures are linked to reduced honey bee hive survival. Honey bees are highly dependent on circadian clocks to regulate critical behaviors, such as foraging orientation and navigation, time-memory for food sources, sleep, and learning/memory processes. Because circadian clock neurons in insects receive light input through cholinergic signaling we tested for effects of neonicotinoids on honey bee circadian rhythms and sleep. Neonicotinoid ingestion by feeding over several days results in neonicotinoid accumulation in the bee brain, disrupts circadian rhythmicity in many individual bees, shifts the timing of behavioral circadian rhythms in bees that remain rhythmic, and impairs sleep. Neonicotinoids and light input act synergistically to disrupt bee circadian behavior, and neonicotinoids directly stimulate wake-promoting clock neurons in the fruit fly brain. Neonicotinoids disrupt honey bee circadian rhythms and sleep, likely by aberrant stimulation of clock neurons, to potentially impair honey bee navigation, time-memory, and social communication