Fixed-parameter tractability for the subset feedback set problem and the S-cycle packing problem

AbstractWe investigate generalizations of the following well-known problems in the framework of parameterized complexity: the feedback set problem and the cycle packing problem. Our problem setting is that we are given a graph and a vertex set S called “terminals”. Our purpose here is to consider the following problems:1.The feedback set problem with respect to the terminals S. We call it the subset feedback set problem.2.The cycle packing problem with respect to the terminals S, i.e., each cycle has to contain a vertex in S (such a cycle is called an S-cycle). We call it the S-cycle packing problem. We give the first fixed parameter algorithms for the two problems. Namely;1.For fixed k, we can either find a vertex set X of size k such that G−X has no S-cycle, or conclude that such a vertex set does not exist in O(n2m) time, where n is the number of vertices of the input graph and m is the number of edges of the input graph.2.For fixed k, we can either find k vertex-disjoint S-cycles or conclude that such k disjoint cycles do not exist in O(n3) time

PERMIAN FUSULINACEANS OF THE SURMAQ FORMATION IN THEABADEH REGION, CENTRAL IRAN

Fusulinaceans consisting of 56 species belonging to 30 genera are distinguished from the Surmaq Formation distributed in the Abadeh region, central Iran.  Among them, 23 species, including three species newly proposed: Parafusulina tarazi, Skinnerella abadehensis, and Sphaerulina iranensis, are systematically described and discussed.  Many microphotographs of fusulinaceans are illustrated so as to understand their wide intraspecific variation and to compare them with other faunas  from the Tethyan regions.  The Surmaq Formation is biostratigraphically divided into six zones from lower to upper: Darvasites ordinatus, Pseudofusulina quasifusuliniformis, Eopolydiexodina persica, Afghanella schencki, Neoschwagerina occidentalis, and Chusenella abichi. The first zone is probably Yakhtashian, the second is possibly Kubergandian, the third to fifth are Murgabian, and the last is Midian in age, based on the stratigraphic distribution and faunal correlation of neoschwagerinids and schwagerinids in Middle Permian formations of the Tethyan regions.  Schwagerinids are dominant in these six zones, whereas almost all neoschwagerinids and verbeekinids are restricted to the fourth and fifth zones.  Middle Permian fusulinacean faunas in South West Asian and Mediterranean Sea regions are well represented by those of the Surmaq Formation, and paleobiogeographically assignable to Province A (Western Tethyan Province).  Fusulinacean faunas of Province A are largely different from those in Province B (Eastern Tethyan Province) by the very rare occurrence of typical Colania and Lepidolina, and from Province C (Panthalassan Province) by the presence of Afghanella and Sumatrina.&nbsp

TeV Scale Mirage Mediation and Natural Little SUSY Hierarchy

TeV scale mirage mediation has been proposed as a supersymmetry breaking scheme reducing the fine tuning for electroweak symmetry breaking in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. We discuss a moduli stabilization set-up for TeV scale mirage mediation which allows an extra-dimensional interpretation for the origin of supersymmetry breaking and naturally gives an weak-scale size of the Higgs B-parameter. The set-up utilizes the holomorphic gauge kinetic functions depending on both the heavy dilaton and the light volume modulus whose axion partners are assumed to be periodic fields. We also examine the low energy phenomenology of TeV scale mirage mediation, particularly the constraints from electroweak symmetry breaking and FCNC processes.Comment: 44 pages, 14 figures; added references, extended discussions in section

Edge state on hydrogen-terminated graphite edges investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy

The edge states that emerge at hydrogen-terminated zigzag edges embedded in dominant armchair edges of graphite are carefully investigated by ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. The edge states at the zigzag edges have different spatial distributions dependent on the $\alpha$- or $\beta$-site edge carbon atoms. In the case that the defects consist of a short zigzag (or a short Klein) edge, the edge state is present also near the defects. The amplitude of the edge state distributing around the defects in an armchair edge often has a prominent hump in a direction determined by detailed local atomic structure of the edge. The tight binding calculation based on the atomic arrangements observed by STM reproduces the observed spatial distributions of the local density of states.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted for Physical Review

Phenomenology of NMSSM in TeV scale mirage mediation

We study the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) with the TeV scale mirage mediation, which is known as a solution for the little hierarchy problem in supersymmetry. Our previous study showed that 125 GeV Higgs boson is realized with O(10) % fine-tuning for 1.5 TeV gluino (1 TeV stop) mass. The $\mu$ term could be as large as 500 GeV without sacrificing the fine-tuning thanks to a cancellation mechanism. The singlet-doublet mixing is suppressed by $\tan\beta$. In this paper, we further extend this analysis. We argue that approximate scale symmetries play a role behind the suppression of the singlet-doublet mixing. They reduce the mixing matrix to a simple form that is useful to understand the results of the numerical analysis. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the fine-tuning including the singlet sector by introducing a simple formula for the fine-tuning measure. This shows that the singlet mass of the least fine-tuning is favored by the LEP anomaly for moderate $\tan\beta$. We also discuss prospects for the precision measurements of the Higgs couplings at LHC and ILC and direct/indirect dark matter searches in the model.Comment: 47 pages, 46 figures, version accepted by JHE

IoT measurements of the winter environment around Lake Izunuma, Miyagi

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) , National Institute of Polar Researc

A Neural Correlate of Predicted and Actual Reward-Value Information in Monkey Pedunculopontine Tegmental and Dorsal Raphe Nucleus during Saccade Tasks

Dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, the main modulators of the central nervous system, have been proposed to play important roles in the execution of movement, control of several forms of attentional behavior, and reinforcement learning. While the response pattern of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and its specific role in reinforcement learning have been revealed, the role of the other neuromodulators remains rather elusive. Here, we review our recent studies using extracellular recording from neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, where many cholinergic neurons exist, and the dorsal raphe nucleus, where many serotonergic neurons exist, while monkeys performed eye movement tasks to obtain different reward values. The firing patterns of these neurons are often tonic throughout the task period, while dopaminergic neurons exhibited a phasic activity pattern to the task event. The different modulation patterns, together with the activity of dopaminergic neurons, reveal dynamic information processing between these different neuromodulator systems