Explaining the Persistence of State-ownership in China

In the recent decade China witnessed an upsurge of privatization of small and medium state-owned enterprises (SOEs). In contrast to the consequent sharp reduction in the number of firms, however, the estimated share of broadly-defined SOEs that includes limited liabilities companies controlled by the State has shown virtually no sign of decline. We explain the backgrounds of this seemingly paradoxical persistence of state-ownership by looking into two distinctive types of large SOEs: traditional SOEs that remain dominant in oligopolistic industries and manager-controlled SOEs surviving in competitive industries. The two types exemplify several factors constraining further progress of SOE reform such as, financing the costs of restructuring, redefining the role of the State as the single dominant shareholder, and balancing the interests of the State and managers as entrepreneurs. Sorting these issues out will take time, which means that instabilities associated with state corporate ownership will remain in place in the foreseeable future in China

The radio to TeV orbital variability of the microquasar LSI+61303

Context: .The microquasar LS I +61 303 has recently been detected at TeV energies by the Cherenkov telescope MAGIC, presenting variability on timescales similar to its orbital period. This system has been intensively observed at different wavelengths during the last three decades, showing a very complex behavior along the orbit.Aims: .We aim to explain, using a leptonic model in the accretion scenario, the observed orbital variability and spectrum from radio to TeV energies of LS I +61 303.Methods: .We apply a leptonic model based on accretion of matter from the slow inhomogeneous equatorial wind of the primary star, assuming particle injection proportional to the accretion rate. The relativistic electron energy distribution within the binary system is computed taking into account convective/adiabatic and radiative losses. The spectral energy distribution (SED) has been calculated accounting for synchrotron and (Thomson/Klein Nishina -KN-) inverse Compton (IC) processes and the photon-photon absorption in the ambient photon fields. The angle dependence of the photon-photon and IC cross sections has been considered in the calculations.Results: .We reproduce the main features of the observed light curves from LS I +61 303 at radio, X-rays, high-energy (HE), and very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays, and the whole spectral energy distribution.Conclusions: .Our model is able to explain the radio to TeV orbital variability taking into account that radiation along the orbit is strongly affected by the variable accretion rate, the magnetic field strength, and by the ambient photon field via dominant IC losses and photon-photon absorption at periastron.Fil: Bosch Ramon, Valentí. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Paredes, Josep Maria. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Romero, Gustavo Esteban. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía; ArgentinaFil: Ribó, Marc. Universidad de Barcelona; Españ

A Divergent Path of Industrial Upgrading: Emergence and Evolution of the Mobile Handset Industry in China

Starting from almost null in the late 1990s, China\u27s mobile phone handset industry has grown to account for more than 40 percent of the current world production. While export growth has been overwhelmingly led by multi-national corporations (MNCs), increasingly fierce competition in the domestic market ignited by the advent of local handset makers has induced unique industrial evolution: (1) outgrowth of independent design houses specialized in handset development and (2) emergence of IC fabless ventures that design core ICs for handsets. In the background of this evolutionary industrial growth there are factors such as, the scale and increasing diversity of China\u27s domestic market that advantages local firms vis-a-vis MNCs; modularization of handset and semiconductor technologies; policy interventions that supports local startups. The emergence and evolution of China\u27s handset industry is likely to have international implications as the growth of the global demand for low-cost and multi-function mobile phone handsets is expected to accelerate. Thus, our case suggests that the conventional view of latecomer industrialization and upgrading that emphasizes the key role of international production networks organized by MNCs needs to be modified in order to accommodate China\u27s rise into perspective

Nonlinear Modulation of Travelling Rolls in Magnetoconvection

Modulational dynamics of oscillatory travelling rolls in magnetoconvection is studied near the onset of a Hopf bifurcation. Using weakly nonlinear analysis, we derive an envelope equation of oscillatory travelling rolls in the plane perpendicular to an ambient vertical magnetic field.The envelope equation is the Davey-Stewartson (DS) equation with complex coefficients, from which we obtain criteria for the modulational (Benjamin-Feir) instability of oscillatory travelling rolls.Comment: 8 pages,late

Agent Based Routing Control for Multi Mobile Robots in Transportation

Auto Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are widely used in a semi-conductor fabricating factory and contribute to the stable production of a high quality semi-conductor products. In the near future, further expansion of the transportation system is expected accompanied with the rapid growth of semi-conductor industries. In such situation, the necessity of performing quick planning of transportation route and transportation control will be elevated. In this paper, practicable planning of the transportation route and transportation control are studied based on the decentralized agent method. Especially, the geometrical sizes of AGVs are considered in the determination of transportation routes and control strategy avoiding the occurrence of mutual collisions or deadlock of AGVs

耐乾・耐湿性に関するヤマブドウ（Vitis colignetiae Pilliat）と生食用ブドウ品種の比較

Excess-water and drought tolerance of Vitis coignetiae grapevines were compared against 2 V. vinifera cultivars, Muscat of Alexandria and Rizamat; and 2 hydrids (V. vinifera × V. labrusca), Delaware and Kyoho. Three-year-old cutting vines of each, planted in root zone restricted beds in a plastic house, were tested under water logged and irrigation-withheld conditions starting from early and mid July, respectively. Control vines were irrigated at pF 2.2 of soil water tension. Effects of water logging were firstly observed in V. coignetiae vines where the basal leaves turned dark red after 12 days, and then abscised after 3 weeks. Under 2 weeks of water logged conditions, net assimilation rate (NAR) of the primary leaves decreased signficantly in V. coignetiae and the hybrid cultivars, Kyoho leaves turned yellow 3 weeks after the onset of the treatment and then dried out 4 weeks later. Leaves of Rizamat, Delaware, and Muscut of Alexandria vines exhibited a slight color fading or leaf curling after 4 weeks of irrigation withholding, but these symptoms did not extend thereafter. Leaf NAR and transpiration rate decreased significantly in all tested vines after 10 days of irrigation withholding, though the decrease was rapid in Kyoho vines. These results indicate that V. coignetiae vines have a lower tolerance for water logging than other ciltivars, whereas they have moderate drought tolerance

Multidisciplinary Approach to Reduce Postoperative Complications and Improve the Activity of Patients with Hip Fracture: A 24-month Follow-up Survey

Multidisciplinary approaches such as fracture liaison services (FLS) have been introduced in some countries to reduce medical complications and secondary fractures in patients with fragility hip fracture. We aimed to investigate outcomes in patients with fragility hip fracture following the introduction of FLS. Patients > 50 years old who experienced fragility hip fractures between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 were enrolled, and divided into a control group (without FLS; 94 patients) and FLS group (373 patients). We found that the time from injury to surgery decreased significantly from 2.42 to 1.83 days (p = 0.003), the proportion of patients who underwent surgery within 36 h of injury increased significantly (p = 0.014), and the number of cases with complications after admission decreased significantly (p = 0.004) in the FLS group. Patients with a Barthel index ≥ 80 were more common in the FLS than the control group at 6 , 12, and 24 months following injury (p = 0.046 , 0.018, and 0.048, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the factors associated with postoperative complications and death within 12 or 24 months after injury. Our results indicate that FLS contributed to earlier recovery, rehabilitation following surgery and rehabilitation of medical complications following admission; improved patient activity; and decreased secondary hip fractures

Expression of Bitter Taste Receptors in the Intestinal Cells of Non-Human Primates

(1) Background: Recent studies have investigated the expression of taste-related genes in the organs of various animals, including humans; however, data for additional taxa are needed to facilitate comparative analyses within and among species. (2) Methods: We investigated the expression of taste-related genes in the intestines of rhesus macaques, the non-human primates most commonly used in experimental models. (3) Results: Based on RNAseq and qRT-PCR, genes encoding bitter taste receptors and the G-protein gustducin were expressed in the gut of rhesus macaques. RNAscope analysis showed that one of the bitter receptors, TAS2R38, was expressed in some cells in the small intestine, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of T2R38-positive cells in the villi of the intestines. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that bitter receptors are expressed in the gut of rhesus macaques, supporting the use of macaques as a model for studies of human taste, including gut analyses