Phase Distribution in an Upflow Monolith Reactor using Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography (CT) is Known to Be a Viable Technique for Determining Flow Maldistribution in Two-Phase Flow through Packed Beds. in This Study, Gamma Ray Computed Tomography Has Been Used to Quantify the Flow Distribution in a Monolith Catalytic Bed, with Water as the Liquid Phase and Air as the Gas Phase, Flowing Co-Currently Upward. the Flow Conditions Were Selected to Bracket Some Commercially Viable Operating Conditions for Such Reactors. in the Monolith Core Region, Fairly Uniform Flow Distribution Has Been Obtained for All the Flow Conditions Used. This Distribution is Quantified using the Standard Deviation of the Holdup Distribution. However, Maldistribution of Air and Water in the Monolith Bed Wall Region Due to Wall Effects at the Monolith Entrance Has Been Observed and Quantified by CT. the Obtained Results Confirm that the Entrance and Exit Regions of the Monolith Bed Need to Be Carefully Designed and to Be Free of Obstacles and Vortex Creating Devices. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers

A Lagrangian Description of Flows in Stirred Tanks Via Computer-Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT)

In This Study, Computer-Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT) is Implemented for the First Time in the Characterization of Flows in Stirred Tanks. Both the Experimental Set-Up Are Discussed. the CARPT Technique is Seen to Capture Qualitatively Most of the Important Flow Phenomena Observed in Stirred Tank Flows, Like the Two Recirculating Loops above and Below the Impeller and the Dead Zones at the Bottom of the Tank. the CARPT Data is Also Used to Extract \u27\u27Sojourn\u27\u27 Time Distributions in Different Zones of the Reactor. These Distributions Are Used to Partially Quantify the Observed Dead and Active Zones in the Tank. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Measuring Gas-Liquid Distribution in a Pilot Scale Monolith Reactor Via an Industrial Tomography Scanner (ITS)

An Industrial Tomography Scanner (ITS) Was Designed and Developed to Study and Quantify the Phase Distribution in a Two-Phase Flow Pilot Scale Monolith Reactor that Was 24 In. (0.60 M) in Diameter and 192 In. (4.9 M) in Height. the Monolith Reactor Was Operated Co-Current Up-Flow in the Taylor Flow Regime with Water as the Liquid Phase and Air as the Gas Phase. the Cross-Sectional Holdup Distributions Were Measured at Three Axial Elevations. the Operating Conditions Were Selected to Bracket Commercial Operating Conditions for Fixed Bed Monolithic Reactor Systems. the Results Show that its Can Capture the Flow Features in a Large Diameter Column. Also, the Findings Suggest the Need for Careful Design of the Internals of the Reactor. Spatial Resolution Down to 1.5 Cm Was Obtained So that Gross Phase Maldistribution Could Be Reliably Observed. However, Improvement is Needed for the its to Be Effectively Utilized in Industry. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All Rights Reserved

A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults : The European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS) statement

Published also in Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, Vol.28, No.4, WOS: 000379034800030Prevention of fragility fractures in older people has become a public health priority, although the most appropriate and cost-effective strategy remains unclear. In the present statement, the Interest group on falls and fracture prevention of the European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS), in collaboration with the International association of gerontology and geriatrics for the European region (IAGG-ER), the European union of medical specialists (EUMS), the Fragility fracture network (FFN), the International osteoporosis foundation (IOF) - European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ECCEO), outlines its views on the main points in the current debate in relation to the primary and secondary prevention of falls, the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility, and the place of combined falls and fracture liaison services for fracture prevention in older people. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.Peer reviewe

A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults: The European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS) statement

Prevention of fragility fractures in older people has become a public health priority, although the most appropriate and cost-effective strategy remains unclear. In the present statement, the Interest group on falls and fracture prevention of the European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS), in collaboration with the International association of gerontology and geriatrics for the European region (IAGG-ER), the European union of medical specialists (EUMS), the Fragility fracture network (FFN), the International osteoporosis foundation (IOF) – European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ECCEO), outlines its views on the main points in the current debate in relation to the primary and secondary prevention of falls, the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility, and the place of combined falls and fracture liaison services for fracture prevention in older people

Characterization of Single Phase Flows in Stirred Tanks Via Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT)

Single Phase Flows in Stirred Tanks Have Been Extensively Characterized using Different Experimental Techniques Like Hot Wire Anemometry, Laser Doppler Anemometry, and Digital Particle Imaging Velocimetry. None of These Techniques However, Show Much Promise for the Interrogation of Opaque Multiphase Flows. Hence, Little or No Information of the Local Fluid Dynamics of Multiphase Flows in Stirred Tanks is Available. Non-Optical Techniques Like Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT) and Computed Tomography (CT) Have Been Successfully Applied to Probe a Variety of Multiphase Reactors Such as Bubble Columns, Risers Etc., over a Range of Dispersed Phase Holdups. CARPT Provides the Local Fluid Dynamic Information Such as Velocities and the Turbulence Parameters throughout the System that is Investigated. CT Provides Time Averaged Local Dispersed Phase Holdup Profiles in Various Planes of the Entire Reactor. in This Study, It is Proposed to Extend These Techniques to Characterize Gas-Liquid Flows in Stirred Tank Reactors. as a First Step, CARPT is Implemented in Characterization of Single Phase Flows in Stirred Tanks. CARPT Experiments Have Been Performed with Water at 150 Rpm in a 0.20 M Cylindrical Tank Quipped with a Six Bladed Rushton Turbine (0.067 M Dia) Conforming to the Standard Holland and Chapman9 Configuration. the CARPT Technique is Shown to Capture Some of the Important Flow Phenomena Observed in Such Flows, Like the Two Recirculating Loops above and Below the Impeller and the Dead Zones at the Bottom of the Tank. Radial Pumping Numbers Determined by CARPT (0.67 Near the Impeller Tip) Compare Reasonably Well with Data Reported in the Literature. Comparison of the Complete Three Dimensional Mean Velocity Profiles from CARPT with Similar PIV, LDA and Other Data Reported in the Literature Reveals that CARPT Captures the Right Order of Magnitude of the Radial and the Tangential Velocities. Comparisons of the Fluctuating Velocity Components, Like the Root Mean Squared (Rms) Velocity and the Turbulent Kinetic Energy, Suggest that the CARPT Experiments Were Limited by Large Tracer Particle Size (Dp = 2.3 Mm) from Sampling the High Frequency Fluctuations of the Fluid. in Addition, the Three Dimensional Profiles of the Components of the Reynolds Stress Tensor Are Measured. the Detailed Comparisons, Even with the Large Tracer Particle, Indicate that CARPT Measurements Capture All the Important Qualitative Features of the Flow and Quantitatively Capture the Right Order of Magnitude of the Mean Flow Parameters. the Quantitative Comparisons Suggest that the Current Size of the Tracer Particle Restricts It from Responding Completely to the Fluid Phase Fluctuations. Some Lagrangian Measures of the Fluid Dynamics Like the \u27Sojourn\u27 Time Distributions (STDs) in Different Zones of the Reactor, Circulation Time Distributions (CTDs), Particle Return Maps to Specific Planes, Poincarre Sections and Hurst Exponents Are Evaluated from the Collected CARPT Data

ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR THREE-PHASE SLURRY BUBBLE COLUMN REACTORS (SBCR)

This report summarizes the accomplishment made during the first year of this cooperative research effort between Washington University, Ohio State University and Air Products and Chemicals. A technical review of the variables affecting the SBCR performance, some aspects of bubble dynamics and hydrodynamics properties and physical properties of FT waxes and catalyst have been performed. The needed experimental facilities and measurement techniques have been evaluated and prepared. Exxon Norpar 14 has been suggested as a solvent to be used that mimics at room temperature and pressure up to 200 psi the hydrodynamics of FT waxes. A new correlation has been developed and tested to predict gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient at high pressure operation based on high pressure gas holdup and atmospheric data of gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient

Análise da marcha no plano inclinado e declinado de adultas e idosas com diferentes volumes de atividades semanais

A marcha é um dos mais naturais movimentos humanos, porém com o envelhecimento, sua eficiência vai se reduzindo, principalmente durante a transposição de superfícies inclinadas, onde o risco de acidentes aumenta. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as diferenças do padrão da marcha de indivíduos idosos ativos (ATI) e sedentários (SED) em relação aos indivíduos adultos (ADU) durante a locomoção em um terreno inclinado (rampa). MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco indivíduos (15 ADU, 15 ATI e 15 SED) caminharam, subindo e descendo uma rampa com 10% de inclinação. A análise cinemática (Vicon MX-13) e cinética (Plataforma de Força AMTI) de variáveis relacionadas com a marcha foi realizada. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas reduções na amplitude e potência do impulso ao redor do tornozelo dos indivíduos SED e ATI em comparação aos ADU durante a subida da rampa. Na descida, as principais diferenças entre o grupo ADU e os grupos SED e ATI foram com relação à velocidade de deslocamento, provavelmente por limitações musculares de ordem elástica, principalmente ao redor do quadril. CONCLUSÃO: Aparentemente, o nível de atividades físicas não influenciou a marcha dos SED e ATI; entretanto, uma limitação do IPAQ de conseguir classificar adequadamente diferentes níveis de atividades físicas pode ter influenciado o resultado. Futuros estudos longitudinais nos quais os indivíduos são submetidos a diferentes volumes de atividades físicas diárias são necessários para que os resultados aqui encontrados possam ser confirmados