Theoretical and photoemission studies of the band structure of CdI

Over the last two decades, there has been a major reduction in the involvement of alcohol in road crashes in Australia. The evidence suggests that a key factor in this reduction has been the introduction and ongoing operation of Random Breath Testing (RBT). This paper reports on the findings of a survey of operational police involved in the delivery of RBT. The primary aim was to identify those factors that acted as either facilitators or barriers to the effective delivery of RBT at an operational level. With the assistance of the Queensland Police Service (QPS), a questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 950 operational police likely to be involved in the delivery of RBT, stratified by the QPS’s geographic regions. A total of 421 questionnaires were returned representing a 44% response rate. The survey results confirmed that there is strong support for RBT among operational police in Queensland. While the participants indicated that they were adequately trained and supported to perform the task, a number of potential areas for improvement were identified. Central among these is the need to develop more formal rewards for conducting RBT and to provide more information to operational police about the success of the program

Sulfate sulfur isotopes and major ion chemistry reveal that pyrite oxidation counteracts CO2 drawdown from silicate weathering in the Langtang-Trisuli-Narayani River system, Nepal Himalaya

P.C.K. is supported by the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Cohan-Jacobs and Stein Families Fellowship. This research was conducted with government support under and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR 168a. This research was supported by the US National Science Foundation (grants 1349858 and 1834492). N.F.D. is grateful to the Linde Center for support. The Caltech Environmental Analysis Center is supported by the Linde Center and the Beckman Institute at Caltech. This research was also supported by the German Research Foundation DFG through the Cluster of Excellence ‘CliSAP’ (EXC177), Universität Hamburg. The authors acknowledge the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM), Government of Nepal, for discharge measurements. Initial computing costs were covered by startup research funds provided by Caltech to F. Tissot. T. Jappinen and P. Bartsch helped with logistics and analysis.Drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) due to silicate weathering in the Himalaya has previously been implicated in Cenozoic cooling. However, over timescales shorter than that of the removal of marine sulfate (SO42-), the oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) in weathering systems can counteract the alkalinity flux of silicate weathering and modulate pCO2. Here we present evidence from sulfur isotope ratios in dissolved SO42- (δ34SSO4), together with dissolved major ion concentrations, that reveals FeS2 oxidation throughout the Langtang-Trisuli-Narayani River system of the Nepal Himalaya. River water samples were collected monthly to bi-monthly throughout 2011 from 16 sites ranging from the Lirung Glacier catchment through the Narayani River floodplain. This sampling transect begins in the High Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) formation and passes through the Lesser Himalayan (LH) formation with upstream influences from the Tethyn Sedimentary Series (TSS). Average δ34SSO4 in the Lirung Glacier outlet is 3.6‰, increases downstream to 6.3‰ near the confluence with the Bhote Kosi, and finally declines to -2.6‰ in the lower sites. Using new measurements of major ion concentrations, inversion shows 62-101% of river SO42- is derived from the oxidation of sulfide minerals and/or organic sulfur, with the former process likely dominant. The fraction of H2SO4-driven weathering is seasonally variable and lower during the monsoon season, attributable to seasonal changes in the relative influence of shallow and deep flow paths with distinct residence times. Inversion results indicate that the primary control on δ34SSO4 is lithologically variable isotope composition, with the expressed δ34S value for the LH and TSS formations (median values -7.0‰ to 0.0‰ in 80% of samples) lower than that in the HHC (median values 1.7‰ to 6.2‰ in 80% of samples). Overall, our inversion indicates that FeS2 oxidation counteracts much of the alkalinity flux from silicate weathering throughout the Narayani River system such that weathering along the sampled transect exerts minimal impact on pCO2 over timescales >5-10 Kyr andPostprintPeer reviewe

Philosophical conceptions of information

“The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com” Copyright Springer'I love information upon all subjects that come in my way, and especially upon those that are most important.' Thus boldly declares Euphranor, one of the defenders of Christian faith in Berkley’s Alciphron (Berkeley, (1732), Dialogue 1, Section 5, Paragraph 6/10). Evidently, information has been an object of philosophical desire for some time, well before the computer revolution, Internet or the dot.com pandemonium (see for example Dunn (2001) and Adams (2003)). Yet what does Euphranor love, exactly? What is information? The question has received many answers in different fields. Unsurprisingly, several surveys do not even converge on a single, unified definition of information (see for example Braman 1989, Losee (1997), Machlup and Mansfield (1983), Debons and Cameron (1975), Larson and Debons (1983)).Peer reviewe