An efficient fractal measure for image texture recognition

Fractal measures like fractal dimension (FD), lacunarity, succolarity measure the geometrical complexity of objects and could be used to describe texture information of the images. For this purpose different box counting algorithms were developed to estimate FD. However the existing box-counting methods usually suffer from under counting or over counting, introducing difficulties in obtaining the exact value of the FD. This paper focuses on the box-counting's power in uniquely identifying patterns and presents a new approach which considers the aggregate effects of all the gray levels in the boxes, rather than considering only two gray levels, (min and max) as in the case of traditional differential box-counting method. The proposed method uses new counting measure based on volume percentage of the gray levels inside the boxes. Results from experiments tabulated to depict the improved effect of the proposed method in recognition of the noisy test images from Brodatz Texture and normal test images from CASIA-V3 Iris Databases.</p

LaGOON: a simple energy-aware routing protocol for wireless nano-sensor networks

Although nanoscale sensors provide valuable data at finer levels, their size limitations impose difficulties in designing nanoscale systems. The limitations in the hardware part of such systems consequentially affect the software part too. Routing, being one of the main functions of the communication software of nano-sensors, it requires customised design, where constraints such as the energy efficiency have to be considered. Knowing that communication is the most energy consuming operation for the sensor networks, in general, the importance of routing protocol becomes clear. With this motivation, the existing routing protocols for the wireless nano-sensor networks are reviewed. The presentation of the classification and comparison of the existing protocols, followed by the discussion on the proposed simple energy-aware routing protocol based on the backward-learning' paradigm. Simulations are carried out in ns-3 by using Nano-Sim package. Results are listed to show the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of energy use and the packet statistics

Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Nanosensor Networks

Although nanoscale sensors provide valuable data at finer levels, their size limitations impose difficulties in designing nanoscale systems. The limitations in the hardware part of such systems consequentially affect the software part, too. Routing, being one of the main functions of the communication software of nanosensors, requires customized design, where constraints like the energy efficiency have to be considered. With the knowledge that communication is the most energy-consuming operation for the sensor networks in general, the importance of routing protocol becomes clear. With this motivation, the existing routing protocols for the wireless nanosensor networks are reviewed. Comparison of the existing protocols, followed by extensive discussions on the proposed energy-aware protocol based on the “backward-learning” paradigm have been also performed in this chapter. Simulations are carried out in ns-3 by using a Nano SIM package. Results are listed to show the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of the energy use and the packet statistics.</p

Nonsecretory Multiple Myeloma And Al Amyloidosis Presenting With Nephrotic Range Proteinuria

Nonsecretory multiple myeloma (NSMM) is the absence of a detectable monoclonal protein in serum and urine of a multiple myeloma (MM) patient and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a significantly rare complication. A case of NSMM with AL amyloidosis and nephrotic range proteinuria is presented. Sharing clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics with MM, real challenge may be during initial diagnosis of NSMM and assessment of treatment response. In elderly patients with unexplained renal dysfunction, MM should be in the differential diagnosis and the absence of a monoclonal protein should not rule out MM but should remind us of the possibility of NSMM