Issues Surrounding The Creation Of A Regional Human Rights System For The Asia-Pacific

The only major region of the world that does not have a regional human rights commission or court is the Asia-Pacific. The Asia-Pacific can generally be recognized to include not only the entire Asian region, from Japan and the Philippines in the East to Pakistan and Afghanistan in the West, but also areas of the South Pacific, including Australia, New Zealand, the East Indies and the Pacific Islands, and Russia

Differentiation and Technology: A Study of an Elementary School’s Use of Technology in Differentiated Lessons

The purpose of this study was to examine teacher reports and use of differentiation and to examine the use of technology in differentiated lessons. The researcher posed two questions: (a) What is the association between teacher reports of differentiation use and observed differentiation strategies used; and (b) How are teachers using the differentiation strategies of which they are aware when planning and implementing lessons that involve technology in the areas of content, process, product, and learning environment? This mixed-method study used three tools for data collection: a questionnaire, structured observation protocol, and a focus group. The questionnaire and observation protocol were previously used and validated by Hobson (2008) and Tomlinson (2000). Interview questions were developed from areas of the questionnaire and the observation form and asked specific questions about technology used for differentiation. Upon analysis of data, similarities of use of differentiation strategies in two particular areas of differentiation occurred. Technology use for differentiation was also used in these areas. Based on these results, the researcher was able to make recommendations regarding professional development, technology, and suggestions for further research

The effect of a chiropractic adjustment with resistance training protocol, compared to a chiropractic adjustment or resistance training protocol alone, on neck strength in cervical facet syndrome

M.Tech. (Chiropractic)Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if a chiropractic adjustment had an effect on muscle strength. The study then aimed to compare the effects a resistance training protocol, to a chiropractic adjustment, to a combination of these two treatments on the neck strength of individuals with cervical facet syndrome. Method: This study consisted of three groups of 10 participants each. The participants were grouped by stratified sampling to balance the groups in terms of age and gender. The participants ranged in age from 22 to 28 years. There were 18 male and 12 female participants. Participants were examined and accepted into the trail according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment was allocated according to groupings. Group 1 received a resistance training protocol, group 2 received chiropractic adjustment only and group 3 received a combination of both treatments. Procedure: Treatment consisted of 6 treatment sessions and a 7th follow up session, over a three week period. Participants in group 1 and 3 were instructed to perform the demonstrated resistance training protocol 3 times a week for 3 weeks. Participants in group 2 and 3 received chiropractic adjustments to hypomobile cervical spine segments, twice a week for three weeks. Cervical range of motion (CROM) was mesured using a CROM device and strength readings were measured using a hand held isometric dynamometer. Measurements were recorded on the 1st, 4th and 7th visits. All participants were required to fill in a Vernon-Mior Neck Disability Index (NDI) on the 1st and 7th visits. The data collected was analysed by a statistician. Results: Analysis of the Vernon-Mior NDI intra-group results showed that all three groups were effective in reducing cervical pain and disability. There was no statistical difference in improvement between the groups. CROM results indicated that all three groups successfully increased cervical range of motion. The combination group had the greatestimprovement, followed by the adjustment group and lastly the resistance training group. The combination group showed statistical improvements in all ranges of motion at visit 4 while this was only achieved by the resistance training group at visit 7. In the adjustment group statistical changes in flexion, extension and lateral flexion were only noted at visit 7, however in rotation, statistical improvements were noted at visit 4. Isometric dynamometer analysis showed that all 3 groups did show a statistically significant increase in cervical muscle strength. The combination group provided the greatest gains, followed by the adjustment group. The smallest gains were seen in the resistance training group. Statistical changes in the resistance training group were only measured at visit 7, while in the combination and adjustment group, these changes were noted by visit 4. Conclusion: Chiropractic adjustment was effective in increasing neck strength. Of the 3 groups, the combination treatment proved to be the most effective method of improving neck strength in individuals with cervical facet syndrome. Of the two individual treatments, chiropractic adjustment was more effective in terms of both strength gains and time taken to achieve these results, than the resistance training protocol

Measurement of direct nitrous oxide emissions from microalgae cultivation under oxic and anoxic conditions

2011 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Lifecycle assessments (LCA) of microalgae-based biofuels have demonstrated net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions, but limited data exist on direct emissions of GHG's from microalgae cultivation systems such as open raceway ponds (ORP) or photobioreactors (PBR). For example, nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent GHG that has been detected from microalgae cultivation. However, N2O emissions have not been experimentally quantified to determine their impact on overall lifecycle assessment of the microalgae-to-biofuels process. Theoretical calculations using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change standards for terrestrial crops (1% of available nitrogen applied as fertilizer is converted to N2O) suggest the potential for significant levels of N2O from microalgae cultivation. In this study, microalgae species Nannochloropsis salina was cultivated with nitrate under conditions representative of PBR and ORP growth conditions with diurnal light-dark cycling. To examine the effect of dissolved oxygen on N2O emissions, experiments were conducted with an air headspace and nitrogen headspace, respectively. During these experiments N2O emissions were quantified utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry. Under a nitrogen headspace, N2O emissions were elevated during dark periods and minimal during light periods. Under an air headspace, N2O emissions were negligible for both the light and dark periods. The experimental results show that N2O production was induced by anoxic conditions with nitrate present in the growth media, suggesting that N2O was produced by denitrifying bacteria within the microalgal growth media. The presence of denitrifying bacteria was verified through PCR-based detection of norB genes, which encode bacterial enzymes that produce N2O. Furthermore, antibiotic treatments inhibited N2O emissions. Application of these results to LCA and potential strategies for management of growth systems to reduce N2O emissions are discussed

Securing Justice for Women in the United Nations International War Crimes Tribunals and Beyond

Askin is a fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard University as well as a legal consultant to the United Nations and other world agencies in the areas of international humanitarian and criminal law. She has previously served as acting executive director of the War Crimes Research Office at the Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Washington College of Law, American University. She teaches primarily in the areas of international humanitarian law and international gender issues. She is the author of War Crimes Against Women: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals and chief editor of the three volume treatise Women and International Human Rights Law

Report of an internship conducted at the Avalon East School Board including a research project entitled : A survey of counselors' views of and involvement in parenting skills training programs

This document reports on a ten-week internship completed at the Avalon East School Board in St. John's, Newfoundland in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in School Psychology. Part one of the document describes the setting, discusses the reasons for the choice of the placement, states the goals pursued, and reports on how these goals were met. Suggestions are offered to future interns considering a school board level placement. -- Part two reports on the required research component of the internship. Sixty Kindergarten to grade 12 counselors in an urban school board responded to a 25-point questionnaire surveying their involvement in parenting skills training programs and their views on the appropriateness of these programs. Questions were asked about the reasons for offering a program, the types of programs used, parent and school acceptance, delivery considerations and the actual or potential impact of such programs. The survey found that half of the counselors who responded offered training programs and that the STEP program was the one most frequently used. A significant number of counselors would recommend offering a program again

A study of students\u27 attitude toward school climate as compared within a conflict resolution group and a traditional group

The purpose of this study is to evaluate students\u27 attitudes toward school climate. One group received Conflict Resolution training and the other group received no training. The program, SCRC, Students Creative Response to Conflict was designed to empower students by giving them the tools to confront and resolve problems that develop on a daily basis. The program focuses on five major areas: affirmation, communication, conflict resolution, cooperation, and bias awareness/appreciation of differences. The sample group was drawn from four fourth grade classrooms. Each group consisted of thirty-six subjects. There were 61% males and 39% females. Further, 64.6% were Caucasian, 31.7% were African American, and 3.7% were Hispanic. Subjects were from a school district classified urban but located in a rural area. They were diversified in background and socioeconomic status. The study was designed as a pretest/posttest questionnaire that was analyzed using a T-test for Paired Samples. The results indicated that there was no significant change in attitude for the trained group, but there was a significant change toward a more negative attitude for the untrained group