John Won\u27t Sell - Bill Won\u27t Buy - Does It Matter What the Reason Why-Antitrust Refusals to Deal

In the many years since the passage of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act its substantive provisions have gone unamended. The Act proscribes concerted action resulting in restraints of trade or directed toward achieving monopoly power and single-enterprise action directed toward achieving monopoly power or the exercise of existent monopoly power already achieved. This in not to say that there has not been considerable legislation enacted subsequent to the Sherman Act proscribing both general and specific business enterprise activity some of which might well have been read into the Sherman Act by judicial interpretation. Particularly notable are the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act

Mutagenesis in Drosophila Melanogaster. I. Scheduled Synthesis of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Dna and Unscheduled Dna Synthesis. II. Dosimetry Studies Using Phosphorus-33. IIi. Molecular Analysis of Induced Mutations at the Adh Locus (Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Restriction, Cloning, Southern, Blotting).

Presented here are three distinct, but interwoven areas of mutation research and molecular genetics using Drosophila melanogaster as the test organism. The first section describes the characterization of the DNA replication process and DNA repair in the oocyte. This involved sex-linked recessive lethal tests on ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treated females and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) studies involving EMS, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Oocytes were positive for UDS with EMS and MMS in a DNA repair competent strain and negative in excision repair deficient strains. ENU was negative in a DNA repair competent strain. Since UDS is not quantitative the development of a molecular dosimetry assay for oocytes is a necessity. The second section describes equilibrium labeling of Drosophila with (\u2733)P. This technique relies on the theory that Drosophila, living their life on media with (\u2733)P, will reach an equilibrium between the (\u2733)P and unlabeled phosphorus in the media, leading to a uniform labeling of the DNA. This has been achieved and may eventually replace ((\u2714)C-dT) deoxythymidine as a DNA label. Analysis of the types of mutations makes up the third section and involves the study of x-ray induced mutations at the Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus. Only two of the eight mutants (25%) analyzed here or two out of the original 31 (6%) induced mutants produced a detectable protein using the O\u27Farrell two-dimensional gel technique. Restriction endonuclease and Southern blot studies showed five out of the eight (63%) of the mutants previously determined not to be large deletions had an altered DNA restriction pattern, including one spontaneous mutant. These alterations were all outside of the Adh structural gene region. Only one of these produced a detectable ADH protein. Of the three normal appearing mutants after restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analysis only one made a detectable ADH protein. All of the mutants made a normal sized mature mRNA which hybridized to the genomic probe. These alterations in the five mutants not producing a detectable ADH protein may be due to very small deletions resulting in frameshifts

The Comprehensive Assessment of Leadership for Learning: A Next Generation Formative Evaluation and Feedback System

Recent developments in federal policy have prompted the creation of state evaluation frameworks for principals and teachers that hold educators accountable for effective practices and student outcomes. These changes have created a demand for formative evaluation instruments that reflect current accountability pressures and can be used by schools to focus school improvement and leadership development efforts. The Comprehensive Assessment of Leadership for Learning (CALL) is a next generation, 360-degree on-line assessment and feedback system that reflect best practices in feedback design. Some unique characteristics of CALL include a focus on: leadership distributed throughout the school rather than as carried out by an individual leader; assessment of leadership tasks rather than perceptions of leadership practice; a focus on larger complex systems of middle and high school; and transparency of assessment design. This paper describes research contributing to the design and validation of the CALL survey instrument

ASCA Observations of OAO 1657-415 and its Dust-Scattered X-Ray Halo

We report on two ASCA observations of the high-mass X-ray binary pulsar OAO 1657-415. A short observation near mid-eclipse caught the source in a low-intensity state, with a weak continuum and iron emission dominated by the 6.4-keV fluorescent line. A later, longer observation found the source in a high-intensity state and covered the uneclipsed through mid-eclipse phases. In the high-intensity state, the non-eclipse spectrum has an absorbed continuum component due to scattering by material near the pulsar and 80 per cent of the fluorescent iron emission comes from less than 19 lt-sec away from the pulsar. We find a dust-scattered X-ray halo whose intensity decays through the eclipse. We use this halo to estimate the distance to the source as 7.1 +/- 1.3 kpc.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA