Line-based registration of panoramic images and LiDAR point clouds for mobile mapping

For multi-sensor integrated systems, such as the mobile mapping system (MMS), data fusion at sensor-level, i.e., the 2D-3D registration between an optical camera and LiDAR, is a prerequisite for higher level fusion and further applications. This paper proposes a line-based registration method for panoramic images and a LiDAR point cloud collected by a MMS. We first introduce the system configuration and specification, including the coordinate systems of the MMS, the 3D LiDAR scanners, and the two panoramic camera models. We then establish the line-based transformation model for the panoramic camera. Finally, the proposed registration method is evaluated for two types of camera models by visual inspection and quantitative comparison. The results demonstrate that the line-based registration method can significantly improve the alignment of the panoramic image and the LiDAR datasets under either the ideal spherical or the rigorous panoramic camera model, with the latter being more reliable

Line-Based Registration of Panoramic Images and LiDAR Point Clouds for Mobile Mapping

For multi-sensor integrated systems, such as the mobile mapping system (MMS), data fusion at sensor-level, i.e., the 2D-3D registration between an optical camera and LiDAR, is a prerequisite for higher level fusion and further applications. This paper proposes a line-based registration method for panoramic images and a LiDAR point cloud collected by a MMS. We first introduce the system configuration and specification, including the coordinate systems of the MMS, the 3D LiDAR scanners, and the two panoramic camera models. We then establish the line-based transformation model for the panoramic camera. Finally, the proposed registration method is evaluated for two types of camera models by visual inspection and quantitative comparison. The results demonstrate that the line-based registration method can significantly improve the alignment of the panoramic image and the LiDAR datasets under either the ideal spherical or the rigorous panoramic camera model, with the latter being more reliable

Transparent Electrothermal Heaters Based on Vertically-Oriented Graphene Glass Hybrid Materials

Transparent heating devices are widely used in daily life-related applications that can be achieved by various heating materials with suitable resistances. Herein, high-performance vertically-oriented graphene (VG) films are directly grown on soda-lime glass by a radio-frequency (rf) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, giving reasonable resistances for electrothermal heating. The optical and electrical properties of VG films are found to be tunable by optimizing the growth parameters such as growth time, carrier gas flow, etc. The electrothermal performances of the derived materials with different resistances are thus studied systematically. Specifically, the VG film on glass with a transmittance of ~73% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of ~3.9 KΩ/□ is fabricated into a heating device, presenting a saturated temperature up to 55 °C by applying 80 V for 3 min. The VG film on the glass at a transmittance of ~43% and a sheet resistance of 0.76 KΩ/□ exhibits a highly steady temperature increase up to ~108 °C with a maximum heating rate of ~2.6 °C/s under a voltage of 60 V. Briefly, the tunable sheet resistance, good adhesion of VG to the growth substrate, relative high heating efficiency, and large heating temperature range make VG films on glass decent candidates for electrothermal related applications in defrosting and defogging devices

Transcriptome Analysis of Beet Webworm Shows That Histone Deacetylase May Affect Diapause by Regulating Juvenile Hormone

The beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis L.) is an important agricultural pest and can tolerate harsh environmental conditions by entering diapause. The diapause mechanism of beet webworm is unknown. Therefore, we conducted a transcriptomic study of the process from diapause induction to diapause release in beet webworms. The results revealed 393 gene modules closely related to the diapause of beet webworm. The hub gene of the red module was the HDACI gene, which acts through histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. HDAC enzyme activity was regulated by the light duration and influenced the JH content under induced beet webworm diapause conditions (12 h light:12 h dark). In addition, transcriptomic data suggested that circadian genes may not be the key genes responsible for beet webworm diapause. However, we showed that the photoperiod affects HDAC enzyme activity, and HDAC can regulate the involvement of JH in beet webworm diapause. This study provided a new module for studying insect diapause and links histone acetylation and diapause at the transcriptome level

Carbonized Polymer Dots Enhancing Interface Stability of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathodes

Abstract The high energy density, low cost, and low toxicity of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes has led to their large‐scale mass production. However, the poor interfacial stability between NCM811 and organic electrolytes impairs the long‐cycle performance of lithium ions batteries. In this study, carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) are successfully introduced onto the surface of NCM811 (NCM811@CPDs) via a simple physical mixing process. CPDs with rich surface oxygen functional groups form strong covalent bonds with transition metal (TM) ions at the NCM811 surface, distinctly restraining surface structure degradation, and transition metal ion dissolution. Furthermore, CPDs facilitate the formation of a compact and steady cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) layer during electrochemical cycling. As a result, the NCM811@1 wt% CPDs exhibit enhanced cycling performance with a capacity retention of 89.77% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C compared to 55.39% of the bare NCM811. This facile and effective surface decoration strategy provides valuable guidance for improving the stability and cycling performance of Ni‐rich cathodes

The expression profile of SpFLT-1 mRNA in hemocytes (Fig 4A) and gills (Fig 4B) post bacterial challenge using qPCR.

<p>The significant difference of SpFLT-1 transcripts between experimental group and control group is indicated with asterisks (*: <i>p</i> < 0.05). Bars indicate mean ±S.E. (n = 5). Immune-blotting analysis of expression of SpFLT-1 and <i>Vibrio</i> protein in hemocytes (Fig 4C) and gills (Fig 4D). N: normal group crabs; S: saline group crabs; B-3 h, B-6 h: crabs from 3 hpi or 6 hpi; V: <i>V</i>. <i>alginolyticus</i> alone. The figure is representative of results from three independent assays.</p

A New Membrane Lipid Raft Gene SpFLT-1 Facilitating the Endocytosis of <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> in the Crab <i>Scylla paramamosain</i>

<div><p>Pathogens can enter their host cells by way of endocytosis in which the membrane lipid raft gene flotillins are probably involved in the invasion process and this is an important way to cause infection. In this study, a new gene SpFLT-1 was identified in <i>Scylla paramamosain</i>, which shared high identity with the flotillin-1 of other species. The SpFLT-1 gene was widely distributed in tissues and showed the highest level of mRNA transcripts in the hemocytes. This gene might be a maternal gene based on the evident results that it was highly expressed in maternal ovaries and in the early developmental stages of the zygote and early embryo stage whereas it gradually decreased in zoea 1. SpFLT-1 positively responded to the challenge of <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> with a significantly increased level of mRNA expression in the hemocytes and gills at 3 hours post infection (hpi). The SpFLT-1 protein was detected densely in the same fraction layer where the <i>Vibrio</i> protein was most present in the hemocytes and gills at 3 hpi. Furthermore, it was found that the expression of SpFLT-1 decreased to the base level following disappearance of the <i>Vibrio</i> protein at 6 hpi in the gills. Silencing SpFLT-1 inhibited the endocytosis rate of <i>V</i>. <i>alginolyticus</i> but overexpression of the gene could facilitate bacterial entry into the epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells. Our study indicated that SpFLT-1 may act as a key protein involved in the process of bacterial infection and this sheds light on clarifying the pathogenesis of pathogens infecting <i>S</i>. <i>paramamosain</i>.</p></div

A New Membrane Lipid Raft Gene SpFLT-1 Facilitating the Endocytosis of <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> in the Crab <i>Scylla paramamosain - Fig 1 </i>

<p>(A) Complementary DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of SpFLT-1 from <i>S</i>. <i>paramamosain</i>. The putative conserved domain of the flotillin/SPFH family is framed gray highlighted. The polyadenylation signal is boxed and the stop codon is indicated by “*”. (B) Phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences from SpFLT-1 and the flotillin-1 of other species. SpFLT-1 is underlined. Numbers next to the branches indicate bootstrap value of each internal branch in the phylogenetic tree nodes from 1000 replicates. (C) Multiple alignment of amino acid sequences among SpFLT-1 and the flotillin-1 of other species. The pond sign and enclosed Pabove the alignment indicate the putative palmitoylation and phosphorylation sites. Secondary-structure predictions: six β strand (B1 to B6) and five α helices (H1 to H5) are accordingly shown in the solid and dashed line rounded rectangle. Both conserved N-terminal hydrophobic stretches are in framed boxes. EA-rich coiled-coil regions are designated in parentheses. Amino acid residues are numbered to the right of each sequence. Flotillin-1 amino acid sequences were obtained from GenBank as follows, Hs-FLT1: <i>H</i>. <i>sapiens</i> (human) (AC AAD40192); Mm-FLT1: <i>M</i>. <i>musculus</i> (house mouse) (AC NP_032053); Xl-FLT1: <i>X</i>. <i>laevis</i> (African clawed frog) (AC NP_001082374); Dr-FLT1: <i>D</i>. <i>rerio</i> (zebrafish) (AC NP_570988); Od-FLT1: <i>O</i>. <i>dancena</i> (brackish medaka) (AC ACN49164); Ss-FLT1: <i>S</i>. <i>salar</i> (Atlantic salmon) (AC ACN10783); Ci-FLT1: <i>C</i>. <i>intestinalis</i> (vase tunicate) (AC XP_002123705); Am-FLT1: <i>A</i>. <i>mellifera</i> (honey bee) (AC XP_623738); Dm-FLT1: <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i> (fruit fly) (AC NP_477358); Sp-FLT1: <i>S</i>. <i>paramamosain</i> (AC FJ774690).</p

The expression profile of SpFLT-1 mRNA in hemocytes (Fig 4A) and gills (Fig 4B) post bacterial challenge using qPCR.

<p>The significant difference of SpFLT-1 transcripts between experimental group and control group is indicated with asterisks (*: <i>p</i> < 0.05). Bars indicate mean ±S.E. (n = 5). Immune-blotting analysis of expression of SpFLT-1 and <i>Vibrio</i> protein in hemocytes (Fig 4C) and gills (Fig 4D). N: normal group crabs; S: saline group crabs; B-3 h, B-6 h: crabs from 3 hpi or 6 hpi; V: <i>V</i>. <i>alginolyticus</i> alone. The figure is representative of results from three independent assays.</p