Effects of Rotation on Standing Accretion Shock Instability in Nonlinear Phase for Core-Collapse Supernovae

We studied the effects of rotation on standing accretion shock instability (SASI) by performing three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations. Taking into account a realistic equation of state and neutrino heating/cooling, we prepared a spherically symmmetric and steady accretion flow through a standing shock wave onto a proto-neutron star (PNS). When the SASI entered the nonlinear phase, we imposed uniform rotation on the flow advecting from the outer boundary of the iron core, whose specific angular momentum was assumed to agree with recent stellar evolution models. Using spherical harmonics in space and Fourier decompositions in time, we performed mode analysis of the nonspherical deformed shock wave to observe rotational effects on the SASI in the nonlinear phase. We found that rotation imposed on the axisymmetric SASI did not make any spiral modes and hardly affected sloshing modes, except for steady l=2, m=0 modes. In contrast, rotation imposed on the non-axisymmetric flow increased the amplitude of spiral modes so that some spiral flows accreting on the PNS were more clearly formed inside the shock wave than without rotation. The amplitudes of spiral modes increased significantly with rotation in the progressive direction.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, Submitted to Ap

Default mode network in young male adults with autism spectrum disorder: Relationship with autism spectrum traits

Background: Autism spectrum traits are postulated to lie on a continuum that extends between individuals with autism and individuals with typical development (TD). Social cognition properties that are deeply associated with autism spectrum traits have been linked to functional connectivity between regions within the brain\u27s default mode network (DMN). Previous studies have shown that the resting-state functional connectivities (rs-FCs) of DMN are low and show negative correlation with the level of autism spectrum traits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear whether individual differences of autism spectrum traits are associated with the strength of rs-FCs of DMN in participants including the general population. Methods. Using the seed-based approach, we investigated the rs-FCs of DMN, particularly including the following two core regions of DMN: the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in 19 young male adults with high-functioning ASD (mean age = 25.3 ± 6.9 years; autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) = 33.4 ± 4.2; full scale IQ (F-IQ) = 109.7 ± 12.4) compared with 21 age- and IQ-matched young male adults from the TD group (mean age = 24.8 ± 4.3 years; AQ = 18.6 ± 5.7; F-IQ = 109.5 ± 8.7). We also analyzed the correlation between the strength of rs-FCs and autism spectrum traits measured using AQ score. Results: The strengths of rs-FCs from core regions of DMN were significantly lower in ASD participants than TD participants. Under multiple regression analysis, the strengths of rs-FCs in brain areas from aMPFC seed showed negative correlation with AQ scores in ASD participants and TD participants. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the strength of rs-FCs in DMN is associated with autism spectrum traits in the TD population as well as patients with ASD, supporting the continuum view. The rs-FCs of DMN may be useful biomarkers for the objective identification of autism spectrum traits, regardless of ASD diagnosis. © 2014 Jung et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Effect of Peripheral 5-HT on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Wether Sheep

In mice, peripheral 5-HT induces an increase in the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and bile acids, and a decrease in plasma triglyceride, NEFA and cholesterol concentrations. However, given the unique characteristics of the metabolism of ruminants relative to monogastric animals, the physiological role of peripheral 5-HT on glucose and lipid metabolism in sheep remains to be established. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of 5-HT on the circulating concentrations of metabolites and insulin using five 5-HT receptor (5HTR) antagonists in sheep. After fasting for 24 h, sheep were intravenously injected with 5-HT, following which-, plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride and NEFA concentrations were significantly elevated. In contrast, 5-HT did not affect the plasma cholesterol concentration, and it induced a decrease in bile acid concentrations. Increases in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations induced by 5-HT were attenuated by pre-treatment with Methysergide, a 5HTR 1, 2 and 7 antagonist. Additionally, decreased plasma bile acid concentrations induced by 5-HT were blocked by pre-treatment with Ketanserin, a 5HTR 2A antagonist. However, none of the 5HTR antagonists inhibited the increase in plasma triglyceride and NEFA levels induced by 5-HT. On the other hand, mRNA expressions of 5HTR1D and 1E were observed in the liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle. These results suggest that there are a number of differences in the physiological functions of peripheral 5-HT with respect to lipid metabolism between mice and sheep, though its effect on glucose metabolism appears to be similar between these species

Successful Perioperative Management with Damage Control Surgery in a Patient with Massive Postpartum Hemorrhage of More Than 20,000 mL

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in obstetrics is related to postpartum hemorrhage and has been a leading cause of maternal death. We here report a successful treatment, via damage control surgery (DCS), of a life-threatening massive hemorrhage of more than 20,000 mL due to DIC. A 30-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of atonic bleeding. Since she was having a uterine rupture, an emergency hysterectomy was performed. Because of the severe DIC (fibrinogen, 65 mg/dL; platelet count, 6.0 × 109/L), oozing persisted after the hysterectomy; thus, intraperitoneal gauze packing was performed as DCS. Afterwards, the coagulopathy was corrected, and the gauze was removed on the second postoperative day (POD 2). The patient was discharged without complications on POD 16. The present case demonstrated that performing DCS and waiting for improvement of the coagulation system can be one of the treatment options for management of patients with severe DIC

Hyper BOLD Activation in Dorsal Raphe Nucleus of APP/PS1 Alzheimer\u27s Disease Mouse during Reward-Oriented Drinking Test under Thirsty Conditions.

Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, causes behavioural abnormalities such as disinhibition, impulsivity, and hyperphagia. Preclinical studies using AD model mice have investigated these phenotypes by measuring brain activity in awake, behaving mice. In this study, we monitored the behavioural alterations of impulsivity and hyperphagia in middle-aged AD model mice. As a behavioural readout, we trained the mice to accept a water-reward under thirsty conditions. To analyse brain activity, we developed a measure for licking behaviour combined with visualisation of whole brain activity using awake fMRI. In a water-reward learning task, the AD model mice showed significant hyperactivity of the dorsal raphe nucleus in thirsty conditions. In summary, we successfully visualised altered brain activity in AD model mice during reward-oriented behaviour for the first time using awake fMRI. This may help in understanding the causes of behavioural alterations in AD patients

Intramucosal Signet Ring Cell Gastric Cancer Diagnosed 15 Months after the Initial Endoscopic Examination

The size and shape of intramucosal signet ring gastric cancer in this case remained endoscopically unchanged for 15 months. Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy was performed, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed Ki-67 and p53 mutations to be negative in this case. Signet ring gastric cancer has long been thought to confer a worse prognosis than other forms of gastric cancer; however, our case did not progress to advanced gastric cancer for 15 months

Self‐Folding Macromolecular Drug Carrier for Cancer Imaging and Therapy

Abstract Nano‐sized contrast agents (NCAs) hold potential for highly specific tumor contrast enhancement during magnetic resonance imaging. Given the quantity of contrast agents loaded into a single nano‐carrier and the anticipated relaxation effects, the current molecular design approaches its limits. In this study, a novel molecular mechanism to augment the relaxation of NCAs is introduced and demonstrated. NCA formation is driven by the intramolecular self‐folding of a single polymer chain that possesses systematically arranged hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments in water. Utilizing this self‐folding molecular design, the relaxivity value can be elevated with minimal loading of gadolinium complexes, enabling sharp tumor imaging. Furthermore, the study reveals that this NCA can selectively accumulate into tumor tissues, offering effective anti‐tumor results through gadolinium neutron capture therapy. The efficacy and versatility of this self‐folding molecular design underscore its promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment