Έλεγχος και ανάλυση υδραυλικής αντλίας με εφαρμογές σε συστήματα άρδευσης

<p>In the HBSS model, the isolated islet yield was significantly increased in the ductal injection (gray bar: ductal group: n = 9), vascular perfusion (dotted bar: vascular group: n = 9), and ductal injection/vascular perfusion groups (squared bar: combination group: n = 10) compared with that of the cold ischemia control group (black bar: control group: n = 9). The islets isolated from pancreases with a negligible cold ischemia time (less than 10 min) served as the fresh control group (white bar: fresh group: n = 7). The islet yield of the fresh group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. No significant differences were observed among the ductal, vascular, and combination groups. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.005, ***<i>P</i><0.0001.</p

Thioredoxin-1 attenuates early graft loss after intraportal islet transplantation in mice.

AIMS: Recent studies suggest that decreasing oxidative stress is crucial to achieve successful islet transplantation. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX), which is a multifunctional redox-active protein, has been reported to suppress oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of TRX on early graft loss after islet transplantation. METHODS: Intraportal islet transplantation was performed for two groups of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: a control and a TRX group. In addition, TRX-transgenic (Tg) mice were alternately used as islet donors or recipients. RESULTS: The changes in blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the TRX group compared with the TRX-Tg donor and control groups (p<0.01). Glucose tolerance and the residual graft mass were considerably better in the TRX group. TRX significantly suppressed the serum levels of interleukin-1β (p<0.05), although neither anti-apoptotic nor anti-chemotactic effects were observed. Notably, no increase in the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level was observed after islet infusion, irrespective of TRX administration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that overexpression of TRX on the islet grafts is not sufficient to improve engraftment. In contrast, TRX administration to the recipients exerts protective effects on transplanted islet grafts by suppressing the serum levels of interleukin-1β. However, TRX alone appears to be insufficient to completely prevent early graft loss after islet transplantation. We therefore propose that a combination of TRX and other anti-inflammatory treatments represents a promising regimen for improving the efficacy of islet transplantation

Evaluation of the vacuolation and necrotic area in the exocrine tissues.

<p>(A–D) Representative H&E images used to count the vacuolation and necrotic area in each group. Magnification ×200. (A) Control group, (B) Ductal injection group, (C) Vascular perfusion group, (D) Combination group. (E) H&E stained examples of vacuolation are shown (arrow). Magnification ×400. (F) H&E examples of necrotic areas in the exocrine tissues are shown (arrow). Magnification ×400. (G) The density of vacuolation in the exocrine tissues (number/mm²). The density of vacuolation in the exocrine tissues was significantly lower in the vascular and combination groups compared with the ductal group. The vacuolation density of the combination group was also significantly lower than that of the control group. The data show the means ± SE. *<i>P</i><0.01 **<i>P</i><0.05 (H) The density of the necrotic area in the exocrine tissues (number/mm²). The densities of the control and the vascular groups were significantly lower than that in the other groups. *<i>P</i><0.01.</p

The effects of ductal injection and/or vascular perfusion on the function and viability of islets.

<p>A SGS test of islets isolated (A) was performed to evaluate the influence of cold ischemic stress on islet function. To examine the influence of cold ischemic stress on islet viability, the respiratory activity (B) and the ATP/DNA ratio (C) of isolated islets were measured. In all assays performed, no significant differences were detected among the groups. The ATP/DNA ratios of the exocrine tissues after cold preservation are shown (D). No significant differences were detected among the groups.</p

The effects of ductal injection and/or vascular perfusion on the islet yield (UWS).

<p>In the UWS model, the isolated islet yield significantly increased in the ductal injection (gray bar: ductal group: n = 10), vascular perfusion (dotted bar: vascular group: n = 9), and ductal injection/vascular perfusion groups (squared bar: combination group: n = 10) in comparison to that of the cold ischemia control group (black bar: control group: n = 10). No significant differences were observed among the ductal, vascular, and combination groups. *<i>P</i><0.0001.</p

The effects of ductal injection and/or vascular perfusion on the release of inflammatory mediators.

<p>The inflammatory mediators released from 50 islets isolated from the pancreases subjected to 10 h cold ischemia and 30 min warm ischemia were cultured for 72 h and then examined (n = 8). IL-5 (A), IL-6 (B), MCP-1 (C), GRO/KC (D), and RANTES (E) could be detected in all samples. The data show the means ± SE. No significant differences were detected among the groups.</p

The results of the analyses of blood samples.

<p><b>A–E</b> Inflammatory mediators in serum samples were measured before and at 6 h after islet transplantation (8 IEQs/g) (n = 3). All values were expressed as the percentage of the pre-transplant cytokine levels in the serum. Systemic administration of TRX significantly suppressed the serum levels of IL-1β (*p<0.05). In contrast, the serum KC levels in the TRX group were significantly increased compared to the control group (*p<0.05). <b>F</b> To evaluate the influence of oxidative stress on transplanted islets, the serum levels of 8-OHdG at 6 h after islet infusion were measured (n = 4). For comparison, we also analyzed the serum levels of 8-OHdG in naive mice (n = 5).</p