Software Defined Media: Virtualization of Audio-Visual Services

Internet-native audio-visual services are witnessing rapid development. Among these services, object-based audio-visual services are gaining importance. In 2014, we established the Software Defined Media (SDM) consortium to target new research areas and markets involving object-based digital media and Internet-by-design audio-visual environments. In this paper, we introduce the SDM architecture that virtualizes networked audio-visual services along with the development of smart buildings and smart cities using Internet of Things (IoT) devices and smart building facilities. Moreover, we design the SDM architecture as a layered architecture to promote the development of innovative applications on the basis of rapid advancements in software-defined networking (SDN). Then, we implement a prototype system based on the architecture, present the system at an exhibition, and provide it as an SDM API to application developers at hackathons. Various types of applications are developed using the API at these events. An evaluation of SDM API access shows that the prototype SDM platform effectively provides 3D audio reproducibility and interactiveness for SDM applications.Comment: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC2017), Paris, France, 21-25 May 201

Synthesis of 2-Acetamido-2,5-dideoxy-5-phosphoryl-D-glucopyranose Derivatives: New Phospha-sugar Analogs of N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine

Starting with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, methyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-xylo-hexofuranosid-5-ulose (18) was prepared in 7 steps. The addition reaction of dimethyl phosphonate to 18, followed by deoxygenation of its 5-hydroxy group, provided the 5-deoxy-5-dimethoxyphosphoryl-D-glucofuranoside derivative (21a). The hydride reduction of 21a, followed by the action of hydrochloric acid and then hydrogen peroxide, afforded the first D-glucosamine analog (23) having a phosphoryl group in the hemiacetal ring. This was converted into the per-O-acetylated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine phospha-sugar (25), while the same treatment of the 5-deoxy-5-dimethoxyphosphoryl-L-idose dimethyl acetal derivative (13b) afforded the N-acetyl-L-idosamine phospha-sugar (29)

Changes in the soil to brown rice concentration ratio of radiocaesium before and after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011

Radiocaesium (RCs) mobility in soil is initially relatively high when the nuclide first comes into contact with soil, after which the mobile fraction decreases with time due to RCs fixation to soil particles (aging effect). Consequently, the RCs activity concentration in plants grown in soil was expected to decrease with time after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011. In this study, we collated data on concentration ratios (CR) of RCs between brown rice grain and paddy soil and compared CR values reported for periods before and after the accident. For this purpose, soil and rice data were collected after the accident specifically from paddy fields that did not have additional potassium fertilizer added (for remediation purposes). The geometric mean rice/soil CR of RCs for all types of soil was 1.2 × 10–2 in 2011 (n = 62) and by 2013 the value had declined to 3.5 × 10–3 (n = 32), which was similar to that for 1995–2007 of 3.4 × 10–3 (n = 120). The comparison suggests that the mean soil-to-rice grain concentration ratio had returned to that prevailing before the accident after less than three years. It was also confirmed that CR values for rice sampled from paddy fields were lower than those obtained from pot experiments

先天性心疾患の乳幼児を育てる母親の抱く育児ストレスの概観と支援の展望

目的は，先天性心疾患の乳幼児を育てる親の育児ストレスに着目し，育児ストレスの現状と地域で支えるために必要な支援について示唆を得ることである。方法は，国内外における過去15 年間（2002 年8 月～ 2017 年8 月）の原著，報告，総説，学位論文を対象に，「先天性心疾患」「子ども」「育児ストレス」「ソーシャルサポート」congenital heart disease, child , parenting stress，social support, で検索をし，文献レビューを行った。結果，21 論文を分析対象とし，現状としては日常生活が心臓に及ぼす負荷とそれに伴う日常生活の制限及び精神面・身体面における成長や発達の関係において育児ストレスを抱き，医療従事者のソーシャルサポート（以後，SS という。）の活用が育児ストレスの緩和に繋がっていた

Better Prognosis in Newborns with Trisomy 13 Who Received Intensive Treatments: A Retrospective Study of 16 Patients

Intensive treatment for newborns with trisomy 13 is controversial because of their lethal prognosis. We report the better life prognosis of patients with trisomy 13 who received intensive treatment. At our hospital, we provided an intensive management to such patients including resuscitation and surgical procedures as required. Herein, we present the results of a retrospective study (1989–2010) of 16 trisomy 13 cases who received an intensive treatment. None was diagnosed to have trisomy 13 before birth; 9 were delivered by C-section and oxygen was administered to all patients during postpartum resuscitation. Mechanical ventilation was used in 9 patients after tracheal intubation and tracheotomy was performed in 2 patients when withdrawing of extubation was difficult. Regarding prognosis, 9 patients died, 3 were referred to another hospital, and 4 were discharged from the hospital. Four and 7 patients died within 7 and 30 days after birth, respectively. Nine patients survived for >1 month, 7 for >180 days, and 5 for >3 years. Median survival for 16 patients was 733 days. The patients who received intensive treatments survived longer compared to the previous data. This study provides useful information concerning genetic counseling, especially from an ethical point of view, before providing intensive management to newborns with trisomy 13

Clinical features and subdural lesions in childhood onset Haemophilus influenzae meningitis

It becomes difficult to treat the onset of childhood Haemophilus influenza type b( Hib) meningitis due tothe appearance of b-lactamase negative ampicilin resistance( BLNAR). We investigated the clinical featuresof Hib meningitis with subdural lesions. From January 2000 to December 2006, we experienced 8 patientswith Hib meningitis. All patients were not inoculated with Hib vaccine. Five of them were onset under 1year old. Rapid latex diagnoses were made in 5 patients, among whom 4 patients showed Hib positive. Thegenotypes were determined in 4 patients with BLNAR. Combined with cefotaxime sodium (CTX) and ampicillin(ABPC) were used in 3 patients for the initial antibiotics, panipenem/betamipron( PAPM/BP) in 2,meropenem hydrate( MEPM) in 1, MEPM + ceftriaxone sodium( CTRX) in 1, and concomitant use of dexamethasonein 7 paitents. MRI showed subdural hygroma in 4 patients and subdural abscess in 4 patients.Subdural lesions appeared on Day 1 to Day 18 from the onset. Three patients with subdural abscess haveperformed subdural taps, and 2of them with difficulties after subdural taps were necessary to do oral administrationof chloramphenicol( CP).In our report, all of the patients developed subdural lesions. The development of subdural lesions cannotbe avoided with only the conventional antibiotics and dexamethasone therapy. Our cases suggested earliersubdural taps with oral administration of CP might be to improve both the general condition and control thesubdural lesions with Hib meningitis. Moreover, we should pay attention to the preventive vaccination ofHib

Image Analysis with the Brain Easy Analysis Tool (BEAT) Method in Cases of Encephalomalacia Following Shaken Baby Syndrome

Brain easy analysis tool( BEAT) is newly released software to calculate composite images both MRI andSPECT on computer graphics. At first, we herein report two cases with shaken baby syndrome associatedwith multicystic encephalomalasia diagnosed based on MRI. Next, we created fusion MRI-SPECT imagesusing BEAT. The result of composited images was not only well recognized in anatomical visually but alsoeasy to explain data to patients. This report is the second case report with this software called BEAT

A Fatal Case of Acute Encephalopathy in a 8-year-old girl from a Pandemic of Influenza A( H1N1) in 2009

We report on a case in which a child died from acute encephalopathy associated with Influenza A( H1N1)pdm. The case pertains to an 8-year-old girl, who was diagnosed with influenza A on the previous day andwas prescribed zanamivir hydrate. She experienced abdominal pain and delirium the next morning, so shewas referred to our hospital. Her level of consciousness at the time of consultation was JCS 200. In the brainCT scan, a swollen brain stem and bilateral middle cerebral artery were depicted. She was in a state of respiratoryfailure, and was admitted to the intensive care unit. She was diagnosed with acute encephalopathycaused by Influenza A, and therapeutic brain hypothermia as well as steroid pulse therapy were performed;however, she died on the third day after hospitalization from multiple organ failure

Long survival case of trisomy 13 mosaicism in a 7-year-old male

Trisomy 13 is a complication of various congenital abnormalities of the heart, brain, etc. Regarding the vitalprognosis, many die within a year from birth. We herein report on the case of a 7-year 1-month-old boywith mosaicism trisomy 13 with the two considerations mentioned below as the cause for long-term survivalin this case. The first is that there were no serious associated abnormalities to the heart, brain, or otherorgans, and the second is that a tracheotomy was carried out on a repeated respiratory infection with respiratoryfailure. Long-term in-home care was possible for the child and he was observed playing with toys bytouching them. Trisomy 13 has a poor vital prognosis, so some argue that active treatment should be restrained.However, for cases with no severe associated abnormalities, long-term survival may be possiblewith active treatment

キカン ナイ ソウカン ノ アトニ ジンコウ コキュウ カンリ オ シコウ シナカッタ ウェルドニッヒ・ホフマン ビョウ ノ ニュウジ レイ

Werdnig-Hoffmann病(WH)は乳児期早期に発症する進行性の筋萎縮を主体とする常染色体劣性疾患で,知的な障害を認めない.生命予後は不良であり2歳までに呼吸筋力の低下に伴う呼吸不全のため死亡する.我々はWHと遺伝子診断された男児の終末期ケアを経験した.児の疾患および終末期ケアについて,両親との医療面接により十分な説明および話し合いを行なった.その結果,両親より「体に侵襲のある気管切開手術や人工呼吸管理を含めた延命処置は希望しない」との方針が示され,我々も同意した.その後,児は6か月で重度の誤嚥性肺炎を発症し入院管理を要した.排痰の目的で気管内挿管を施行し,急性呼吸不全に対し酸素投与を施行した.気管内挿管後は適時サクションチューブから喀痰の喀出につとめた.栄養は経鼻胃管を用いた.児は入院から6病日目に家族や知人に見守られる中,母親に抱かれながら永眠した.WHの終末期ケアについてガイドラインはない.医療者は個々の症例に応じて家族と児の最大の利益を考慮した終末期ケアを励行することが肝要である.その際,両親へのインフォームド・コンセントに際し,挿管管理と人工呼吸管理を同様に説明するのではなく,本例のように気管内挿管を施行しかつ人工呼吸管理はしないという選択肢もあり,一考を要する.Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (WH) develops progressiveamyotrophy in the early infantile stage and does not progressto mental retardation. The heredity of WH is autosomalrecessive. The life prognosis is poor, and breathing muscularstrength deteriorates by 2 years of age and the infantdies of respiratory failure. This report describes the hospicecare of the boy of WH. A medical interview was providedto the parents concerning hospice care of the child beforehand.The parents did not want the patient to undergo atracheal surgical operation, or receive artificial respirationmanagement, or life-prolonging treatment, and, after informedconsent, the medical staff agreed to the parents requests.Afterwards, the child developed severe aspirationrelatedpneumonia at six months of age and thus requiredhospitalization. The patient was treated with tracheal intubationfor acute respiratory failure and administered oxygen.The condition of a patient was temporarily stable aftertracheal incubation. He thereafter received nasogastric tubefeeding. Unfortunately, the child died in six days after indergoingtracheal intubation.There are no guidelines for the hospice care of patientswith WH. It is important that the medical staff provideshospice care that provides the maximum benefit to the familyand the child depending on each individual case. Informedconsent should be obtained for the parents, with regardto intubation and artificial respiration. The decisionsconcerning intubation and artificial respiratory managementare important issues of medical ethics