<Reports onthe Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Tsukuba English Linguistic Society> A Semantic Approach to the Model Auxiliaries in English : A Case Study of Must

In this joint research we are concerned with a semantic analysis of the modal auxiliaries in English, focusing in paricular on a certain use of must, as exemplified in (1): (1) Smokers must have dirriculty in giving up smoking. ..

Curricular Affairs Committee Report #424

This paper discusses the rise and fall of public health nurses in the United States. It will show the struggles of nurses to respond to the needs of the nation faced with the influx of immigrants. It also explains their difficulties to build a nation-wide network of nurses by advocating homecare as a crucial preventive medicine. Part one deals with its inception through the efforts of Henry Street (Nurses\u27) Settlement in their attempt to establish nurses\u27 autonomy and also it focuses on previously neglected African American nurses working there. Part Two will discuss the efforts of nurses to expand their network by establishing The Public Health Association. Although their work was highly praised, they encountered financial problems and had to challenge the bureaucracy of the medical authority. Their move to seek public funding met with the general distrust towards social medicine. The very idea of home care was obsolete by the end of 1930. Yet I will argue that the early nurses who introduced the idea of national health were the main architects of a social welfare state

グレスナー テイ ニ ミル 19セイキマツ アメリカ ノ セイカツ クウカン

American architect, H.H.Richardson designed the Glessner House(1885-1887) in Chicago for the industrialist, John J. Glessner. First, I will argue that the house was important in terms of its collaboration with the architect and client for making an ideal residence. Then, I will present how space in the House was actually negotiated between wife and husband, and boundaries were drawn between master and servants. The introduction of the Arts and Crafts Movement played a crucial role for the wife to use these spaces for her public purposes. Finally, I will show that during the 1930s and the 40s, Frances Glassner Lee, the daughter, made crime scene doll houses for police detective training. Her anger towerds domestic violence, and her strong desire to eradicate it, are represented inthe dolls as victims. Her construction of the doll houses, thus, was for from the ideals of her father. Examining the Glassner House presents a key for a deeper understanding of dynamism of social class and gender at the turn of century

Ellen N. LaMotte : A Nurse in the \u27Orient\u27

This paper will focus on the pioneering and controversial career of Ellen N. LaMotte, nurse, journalist and author. Though marginalized and forgotten, her career overseas, first in Europe and then in the `Orient\u27, will show us the opportunities opening up for women at the turn of the century America and how they sought out these opportunities. We witness LaMotte\u27 struggle to define her role as an American and as internationalist. We come to see that her role as a nurse was crucial. It enabled her to challenge taboos dealing with the physical body and with sex. She never praised motherhood and home care as her colleagues did. Nor did she worship the seeming manliness represented by territorial expansion at a time when many women were playing supporting roles in colonizing activities. She was an avowed anti.imperialist. Yet she never accepted miscegenation. I hope to show that her unconventional criticism of motherhood, her firm anti.imperialism, her perception and harsh criticism of Christian hypocrisy, her strategy of preventive segregation, and her deep.rooted fear of miscegenation, key elements in her life, help us comprehend the United States when it emerges as an international power at the beginning of the twentieth century

Forgotten Pictures of Jessie Tarbox Beals

The years between the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876 and World War I were a period of dramatic change in the United States. People were eager to understand what was happening around them. Suddenly the world seemed much bigger. The United States had conquered the West and extended its territory to the Philippines. Strangers from Eastern Europe and from Asia were pouring in, bringing totally new cultures with them. In this paper I focus on Jessie Tarbox Beals, the "first woman news photographer", as her biographer, Alexander Alland called her. She brought vital information to a public seeking to comprehend the changes swirling in its midst. Her career, however, was forgotten for a very long time. While her subject matter highlighted the inequities of the new era, she was not able to produce one collective image of America. Yet it is the very range of the subjects that marks her as a first.rate photographer, a witness to the breadth and diverse complexity of an era. Through Beal\u27s experiences as a photographer, her connections with people at Byrdcliffe, the Lower East Side to Greenwich Village, I would like to show how the course of a pioneer photographer helped us understand the nature of the United States.

エイガ ケンエツ ト ゲンダイ インド

The right to freedom of expression is one of the best yardsticks with which to measure democracy. But such a right is merely ostensible unless it is put into practice. The eighth Mumbai International Film Festival (MIFF/2004) in India was mired in deep controversy. Vikalp : Freedom for Films, a parallel film festival was organised at the same time by nearly 300 documentary filmmakers from various parts of the country to screen films unfairly rejected by the goverment-organised MIFF, or withdrawn voluntarily from the same in solidarity with the filmmakers. They came to fight a censorship clause for the festival and to offer people a choice ... vikalp, an alternative. Included in the reject list were films on communalism, caste, gender, sexuality and the environment, which had already been screened at various international film festivals and won awards. In India the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), also known as the Censor Board of India, decides the fate of the world\u27s largest film factory. But those who make the abovecinema of resistence\u27 in substance boldly use the medium to record and dissect social and political conflict in the country. However hard the situation is, it is a line that the independent documentary filmmakers, whose production is of recent origin, have begun to take with something responsive to the society

バガット スィング サイコウ

Bhagat Singh (1907&#8722;1931) was one of the early Marxists of India who tried to show a revolutionary way with an uncompromising struggle against colonialism and imperialism, together with strong oppositionto communalism and caste matters in the country. Although the mainstreamhistoriography of India\u27s freedom struggle, which emphasizes the civil disobedient character led by some of the top prominent nationalist leaders, has not given enough concern for other streams, revolutionary nationalism with the accent of indigenous thinking is an important aspect.This paper focuses on the occasion of his centenary birth anniversary on his contribution to a democratic, socialist and secular culture in India, which has contemporary relevance

The Transformation of Kate Sanborn (1838-1917) : Humor as a Prescription to Face a Vanishing America.

Few would argue against the observation that the years between the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition and World War I were a period of dramatic change in the United States. The United States had conqueredthe West and extended its territory to overseas. Strangers from Eastern Europe and from Asia were pouring in, bringing totally new cultures to the ""New World.""This paper focuses on the roles and the efforts of Kate Sanborn, a female itinerant lecturer, to respond to this cultural change of the late nineteenth century. Long before there were radio and television audiences, Sanborn was able to fill lecture halls presenting informationabout "current" subjects. Not only through her lectures, but throughother communication tools, such as photo books, calendars, travel books,she offered information people wanted and gave advice on how to adapt and cope with the changing world. She was reaffirming the tradition of self&#8722;help and self&#8722;realization of a white and in her case female farmer, on the one hand and preparing for the dawn of the commercial age, on the other. In so doing she liberated herself from her New England tradition to become a female humorist, drawing on a much wider Americanexperience