運動器変性疾患を有する高齢患者の処方薬調査

藤田医科大

Multi-Color Coronagraph Experiment in a Vacuum Testbed with a Binary Shaped Pupil Mask

We conducted a number of multi-band coronagraph experiments using a vacuum chamber and a binary-shaped pupil mask which in principle should work at all wavelengths, in the context of the research and development on a coronagraph to observe extra-solar planets (exoplanets) directly. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that subtraction of Point Spread Function (PSF) and multi-band experiments using a binary-shaped pupil mask coronagraph would help improve the contrast in the observation of exoplanets. A checkerboard mask, a kind of binary-shaped pupil mask, was used. We improved the temperature stability by installing the coronagraph optics in a vacuum chamber, controlling the temperature of the optical bench, and covering the vacuum chamber with thermal insulation layers. We evaluated how much the PSF subtraction contributes to the high contrast observation by subtracting the images obtained through the coronagraph. We also carried out multi- band experiments in order to demonstrate a more realistic observation using Super luminescent Light Emitting Diodes (SLEDs) with center wavelengths of 650nm, 750nm, 800nm and 850nm. A contrast of 2.3x10-7 was obtained for the raw coronagraphic image and a contrast of 1.3x10-9 was achieved after PSF subtraction with a He-Ne laser at 632.8nm wavelength. Thus, the contrast was improved by around two orders of magnitude from the raw contrast by subtracting the PSF. We achieved contrasts of 3.1x10-7, 1.1x10-6, 1.6x10-6 and 2.5x10-6 at the bands of 650nm, 750nm, 800nm and 850nm, respectively, in the multi-band experiments. The results show that contrast within each of the wavelength bands was significantly improved compared with non-coronagraphic optics. We demonstrated PSF subtraction is potentially beneficial for improving contrast of the coronagraph, and this coronagraph produces a significant improvement in contrast with multi-band light sources.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Z-contrast STEM imaging of long-range ordered structures in epitaxially grown CoPt nanoparticles

We report on atomic structure imaging of epitaxial L₀CoPt nanoparticles using chemically sensitive high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Highly ordered nanoparticles formed by annealing at 973 K show single-variant structure with perpendicular c-axis orientation, while multivariant ordered domains are frequently observed for specimens annealed at 873 K. It was found that the (001) facets of the multivariant particles are terminated by Co atoms rather than by Pt, presumably due to the intermediate stage of atomic ordering. Coexistence of single-variant particles and multivariant particles in the same specimen film suggests that the interfacial energy between variant domains be small enough to form such structural domains in a nanoparticle as small as 4 nm in diameter. © 2013 Kazuhisa Sato et al.Kazuhisa Sato, Keigo Yanajima and Toyohiko J. Konno, Z-Contrast STEM Imaging of Long-Range Ordered Structures in Epitaxially Grown CoPt Nanoparticles, Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 679638

Measurement of the Rossiter--McLaughlin Effect in the Transiting Exoplanetary System TrES-1

We report a measurement of the Rossiter--McLaughlin effect in the transiting extrasolar planetary system TrES-1, via simultaneous spectroscopic and photometric observations with the Subaru and MAGNUM telescopes. By modeling the radial velocity anomaly that was observed during a transit, we determine the sky-projected angle between the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbital axis to be $\lambda = 30 \pm 21$ [deg]. This is the third case for which $\lambda$ has been measured in a transiting exoplanetary system, and the first demonstration that such measurements are possible for relatively faint host stars ($V \sim 12$, as compared to $V \sim 8$ for the other systems). We also derive a time of mid-transit, constraints on the eccentricity of the TrES-1b orbit ($e = 0.048 \pm 0.025$), and upper limits on the mass of the Trojan companions ($\lesssim$14 $M_{\oplus}$) at the 3$\sigma$ level.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Published in PASJ. Corrected typo

ワカテ ショウニ ゲカイ ノ ECFMG certificate シュトク エノ チョウセン : ベイコク ショウニ ゲカ リンショウ リュウガク オ メザシテ

Recently, many Japanese pediatric surgeons undertake clinical training abroad, especially in the United States of America (USA) which is one of the most attractive country for advanced clinical training. Since the Japanese government introduced a 2-year mandatory residency program in 2004, it has become more and more important for busy Japanese residents to spent time efficiently in order to achieve ECFMG (Educational Commission For Foreign Medical Graduates) certification. ECFMG certification requires residents to pass both Step 1 and 2 of the United States Medical License Examination (USMLE). It is especially difficult to pass step2 CS (Clinical Skills) for many Japanese who are unfamiliar with the English language. For example, one of authors started to study for the USMLE in the 6th grade of the Japanese Medical School (MS4), passed step1 and step2 CK (Clinical Knowledge) during the 2-year mandatory intensive rotating residency program, and passed Step2 CS on the 3rd attempt during the general surgery residency program. This shows that a Japanese examinee can pass the ECFMG certificate even during a busy rotating residency program

Antimicrobial prescription practices for outpatients with uncomplicated cystitis in Japan

To promote antimicrobial stewardship, we studied antimicrobial prescription rates for uncomplicated cystitis, a common outpatient disease requiring antibiotic treatment. This multicenter retrospective study was performed from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, in Japan, targeting outpatients aged >= 20 years whose medical records revealed International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes suggesting uncomplicated cystitis (N300). The data of 1445 patients were collected and that of 902 patients were analyzed. The overall median patient age was 71 years and a proportion of those aged less than 50 years was 18.8% with a female dominance (82.6%). Antimicrobials were prescribed for 884 patients (98.0%) and a total of 623 patients (69.1%) were treated with broad-spectrum drugs, including fluoroquinolones (36.0%), third-generation cephalosporins (29.9%) and faropenem (3.1%). A logistic regression model revealed that the broad-spectrum agents were significantly prescribed for the older patients, male patients, and those who visited internists. Recurrence was observed in 37 (4.1%) cases, and the multivariate analysis suggested any of age, sex, or antimicrobial types were not associated with the recurrence. Collectively, approximately two-thirds of antimicrobials prescribed for uncomplicated cystitis were broad-spectrum agents. The present data would be an indicator for antimicrobial prescriptions in uncomplicated cystitis in Japan

Zinc is a novel intracellular second messenger

Zinc is an essential trace element required for enzymatic activity and for maintaining the conformation of many transcription factors; thus, zinc homeostasis is tightly regulated. Although zinc affects several signaling molecules and may act as a neurotransmitter, it remains unknown whether zinc acts as an intracellular second messenger capable of transducing extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling events. In this study, we report that the cross-linking of the high affinity immunoglobin E receptor (Fcɛ receptor I [FcɛRI]) induced a release of free zinc from the perinuclear area, including the endoplasmic reticulum in mast cells, a phenomenon we call the zinc wave. The zinc wave was dependent on calcium influx and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase activation. The results suggest that the zinc wave is involved in intracellular signaling events, at least in part by modulating the duration and strength of FcɛRI-mediated signaling. Collectively, our findings indicate that zinc is a novel intracellular second messenger

Noise Performance of the Ganymed Laser Altimeter Receiver

We report here on qualification and calibration test results demonstrating the science performance of the Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detector of the Ganymede Laser Altimeter. Most importantly, the measures for noise reduction of the analogue receiver electronics are described. This includes proper grounding of the APD module (Excelitas C30654) and filtering in its vicinity and the additional measures to isolate switching noise of the analogue-to-digital convertors (ADCs) from the sensitive single-ended analogue sensor pre-amplifier electronics of the APD

後腹膜鏡下ハンドアシスト法および開放腎尿管全摘除術の比較検討

The goal of this study is to compare surgical and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and the open surgery using the concept of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in addition to common variables. Thirty-six and 23 patients having upper urinary tract urothelial cancer who were operated on with retroperitoneoscopic hand-assisted nephroureterectomy (RHANU) or standard open nephroureterectomy (ONU) retrospectively, were analyzed. Median operation time was 140 (range 70-200) and 60 (range 45-85) minutes, respectively in the RHANU group and the ONU group. The median days to ambulation and hospital stay of the RHANU group were significantly shorter than those of the ONU group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of SIRS and other surgical results between the two groups. In oncological outcome, no significant difference was found in the bladder recurrence rate (RHANU vs. ONU; 52% vs. 45%), local recurrence (0% vs. 0%), distant metastasis (11% vs. 13%) or survival rate (94% vs. 91%) between the RHANU group and the ONU group at 2-year follow-up. There was no port site recurrence in the RHANU group. Although the RHANU may have an advantage in terms of earlier recovery, there were no significant differences in the incidence of SIRS and oncological outcomes between the RHANU group and the ONU group.腎盂尿管腫瘍に対する体腔鏡下および開放腎尿管全摘除術につき手術成績、術後経過を比較検討する。全身的侵襲性の指標としてsystemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)の発症頻度に関しても比較検討を行う。腎盂尿管腫瘍に対して腎尿管全摘除術を施行した体腔鏡下手術36例(2002年4月～2004年12月)開放手術(ONU)23例(1999年1月～2001年12月)を対象とした。体腔鏡下手術は後腹膜鏡下ハンドアシスト法(RHANU)を用いた。手術時間(中央値)はRHANU群140分、ONU群60分とONU群で有意に短かった。出血量は両群とも平均約150mlであった。RHANU群において歩行開始日が有意に短縮していた。SIRSの頻度はRHANU群17%、ONU群26%と有意差を認めなかった。膀胱再発率は52, 45%(以下RHANU群vsONU群)、遠隔転移11, 13%、局所再発は両群とも認めず2年での生存率は94, 91%であった。体腔鏡下手術では、歩行開始日が有意に短く早期の回復が示唆された。SIRSの頻度、再発・転移・生存率に有意な差を認めなかった。体腔鏡下手術のリスク、術式の患者への利点を充分考慮した手術方法の選択が重要と思われた。(著者抄録