An investigation of cell cycle events modulated by a sialoglycopeptide inhibitor

Call number: LD2668 .T4 BIOL 1989 F38Master of ScienceBiolog

Post-Primary Girls Education in the Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Girls’ education in general and their education beyond primary level in particular is one of the serious concerns for national and international organizations in the context of developing countries, including Pakistan. The ratio of girls’ post primary education in rural Pakistan in general and in the rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), including the newly merged districts, in particular is very low. The issue of girls’ education beyond primary level in the newly merged districts, including District Bajaur, is very dismaying. The aim of this study, thus, is to explore guardians’ decision about girls’ education beyond primary level in District Bajaur. We have attempted to explore the prevailing beliefs and practices about girls’ education and unpack the factors that affect girls’ education beyond primary level. The data for the study come from in-depth qualitative interviews with 18 male guardians/respondents. The respondents consisted of diverse socio-economic and education background. The respondents were selected by employing purposive sampling technique. The collected data were processed and analyzed in line with thematic analysis technique. The analyses are informed by “Equality of Opportunity in Education” and “Equity of Opportunity in Education” debate in sociology of education. The study’s findings reveal that the people of district Bajaur are not against girls’ education beyond primary level provided that their daughters and sisters are provided education in conformity with the cultural norms and in the nearby vicinity and transportation facility. The study findings suggest Purdah (veil) is an opportunity for girls’ education rather than a barrier

Phycocyanin C a Natural Product with Impressive Therapeutic Efficacy for Inhibition of Breast Tumors’ Growth and Metastasis in Vivo

Background: Several studies have reported the anticancer effect of phycocyanin C, a natural extract isolated from the algae Arthrospira platensis. However, its therapeutic effects on the growth of breast cancer and its metastasis have not been determined yet. Method: In this case-control study, we employed phycocyanin C for the treatment of 4T1 breast tumor as an applicable experimental animal model for human mammary cancer and metastasis. BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c) into the 4th abdominal mammary fat pad with 1×106 4T1 cells. We randomly divided the mice into two groups; one group of mice were injected with PBS as the control, and the other group was intraperitoneally injected with phycocyanin C (80 mg/kg daily for 20 days). Tumor growth and metastasis were assessed in both groups. Results: Phycocyanin C significantly inhibited 4T1 breast tumors growth (P<0.05). The mean tumors volumes at the control group were 2.73 times higher than those of the treatment group. In addition, phycocyanin C treatment could significantly inhibit the formation of metastasis colonies at vital organs like spleen, liver, and lung. Moreover, the survival rate of the tumor-bearing mice increased after about 22 days by phycocyanin C treatment in comparison with the control. Conclusion: This is the first report demonstrating the anticancer effects of phycocyanin C on 4T1 breast tumor in vivo. Overall, our findings provided convincing evidence for the application of phycocyanin C as an anticancer therapeutic agent

Prevalence of infertility in women with genital tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Infertility is a worldwide concern which has a variety of causes. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of infertility in women with genital tuberculosis. A search of PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases (from 1990 to the present, date of last search February 2016) was performed using the keywords tuberculosis, genital tuberculosis, female genital, bacteriological, histological, infertility, primary infertility, secondary infertility, fallopian tube diseases, Asherman syndrome, women genital tract, fertility outcome, reproductive outcome,  prevalence, rate, percent in order to identify the studies which have reported the prevalence of infertility in women with genital tuberculosis. Data were extracted, and a meta-analysis was done. Seven studies were identified. The prevalence of infertility among women with genital TB with 95% confidence interval was 70.67% (58.30-83.03). Also, the prevalence of primary infertility and secondary infertility among genital tuberculosis cases were 75.70% (69.03-82.36) and 24.30% (17.64-30.97), respectively. The prevalence of infertility in women with genital tuberculosis is high. Therefore, prevention and treatment of genital tuberculosis can be considered as a way to reduce the infertility rate.</p

Graphene Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Electrodes

The demand for engineering and advancement of supercapacitor electrodes are increasing globally. To address the production and storage capacity of the supercapacitor electrodes, the development of new kind of composite materials are highly needful. To design materials with high surface area, excellent conductivity, porosity, and mechanical stability are the main critical points that need to be addressed. Various strategies have been utilized to fabricate excellent composite materials for supercapacitor electrodes. The effect of many composite materials was found to enhance the cyclability and storage capacities of the supercapacitor electrodes. In a class of materials, graphene-based nanocomposites and their derivatives were found to be the most excellent and suitable candidates to design and fabricate supercapacitor electrodes. The alliance of several active materials when analyzed with graphene and its derivatives was found to improve further the performance and stability of supercapacitor electrodes

Development of an Indirect ELISA Using Different Fragments of Recombinant Ncgra7 for Detection of Neospora caninum Infection in Cattle and Water Buffalo

Background: Dense granules are immunodominant proteins for the standardi-zation of immunodiagnostic procedures to detect neosporosis. In the presented study different fragment of a dense-granule protein was evaluated for serodiagno-sis of Neospora caninum in cattle and water buffalo. Methods:NcGRA7, from N. caninum tachyzoites was amplified. PCR product and pMAL-c2X plasmid were digested with EcoR1 restriction enzyme and ex-pressed in Escherichia coli to evaluate its competence for detection of anti- N. cani-num antibodies with ELISA in comparison with commercial IDEXX ELISA. Fur-thermore, 230 sera of presumably healthy cattle and water buffaloes (108 cattle and 122 water buffaloes) were analyzed by both tests to determine the agreement of these two procedures. Results:Sensitivities and specificities of NcGRA7-based ELISA were 94.64% and 90.38% respectively using sera of cattle, but were 98.57% and 86.54% in the case of buffaloes respectively. A good correlation between the results of IDEXX ELISA and ELISA based on recombinant NcGRA7 for detecting N. caninum an-tibodies was appeared. Analyzing by Mc Nemar´s showed that NcGRA7-based ELISA has acceptable capability to differentiate the positive results in comparison with IDEXX ELISA. Conclusion:NcGRA7-based ELISA considering utilized new fragment of ge-nomic DNA is a good tool for serodiagnosis of anti- N. caninum antibodies for screening and epidemiological purposes on cattle herd and water buffaloes as well

Impact of Various Civilizations and Culturesonal-A'shā’s Poetry

Al-A’shā is one of the erudite men of  Mu'allaqāt ("The Suspended Odes" or "The Hanging Poems")– the title of a collection of seven pre-Islamic Arabic qaÒīdahs (odes) – and one of the elite poets of pre-Islamic upper class in whose poems, due to taking many voyages to neighboring regions, elements of different civilization such as Persian, Roman, Abyssinian, Nebatian, Egyptian, Turkish, Kabuli, etc can be observed. Since he travelled to neighboring areas toearn afortune, his poems represent symbols of civilization and culture such as divorce, marriage, war,pastime, means of pleasure and musical instruments. Furthermore, different religions, religiousbeliefs and rituals can beobserved in his poems. Besidesinfluencing his imagination, civilizationhas influencedthe language, subjects and the poetic music of al-A’shā’spoems. As an effect of listening to the instruments and songs of the bondwomen, unlike other poets of the pre-Islamic era, such as TarafatibnAbd, his poetic language was simple and lacked complexity. The effect of civilization and culture on hispoetic subjects is so much so that in eulogy,he exaggerates like Abbasid era poets and in satire he pokes fun at his subjects, as in lyricism heuses a variety of approaches to describe the beloved. This poet chooses rhythmic metrics for his poetic music. He often uses bahretavil ('lengthy meter') and mutiqārib ('convergent meter'). By using rhymes suchaswords ending withflowing letters of "lām""dāl" and "rā", repetition of letters and words, and their agreement, some newfiguresof speech such as tansīq-i Sifāt ("synathroesmus"), tibagh ("antithesis"), radd al-'ajzallaal-sadr ("epanalepsis"), different types of pun, etche steps up the music of his poems and excites the readers

Studying Imagery Translations of the two “AlJihad” and “Almlahm” Sermonsin Nahjolbalagheh (Relying on the Translations of Dashti, Shahidi, Qureshi and Feiz al-Islam)

“Translation” means torender awordfrom one language toanother.Accordingtothe translationofthe textandits purpose, it divides into two types:(a) Semantic type, (b)Communicative type. Semantic translationisfaithfulto thetextandtranslates word by word, and it has featuresof a literal translation, in which the text is inclinedtowards thesource language. In contrast, it is a communicative reader-driven translation whose translation unit is sentence including fluency in speech. Nahjolbalagheh is a valuableandcredible religiouswork that is beyondthe words. Thisworkhasnearly 80translations, but the most importanttranslations belong toDashti, Shahidi, Qureshi,andFeiz-al-Islam. It is noteworthythatthese four translators chose one of the translation types, semantic or communicative, but they rely on the context in somewordsandphrases, and theyrelyonlyonthe text insomeothers. In addition, Dashti, Shahidi, and Qureshirely further ontranslationofthewordandgive aliteral translation, but the Feiz-al-Islam, according tohis work,hascentered on theinterpretationof his translation. In addition, thetranslation ofShahidi, insomephrases, is literary, but Dashtihas usedacontemporary languagein the translation. Inthispaper,we try tostudy theimagery translations inthesermons of"Jihad" and "Almlahm" inlibraryby relying onthe translationofNahjolbalagheh by Dashti, Shahidi, Qureshi, and Feiz-al-Islam to present these findings to the writers of Persian literature