Cloudlet Deployment to Balance Energy Consumption in Wireless Networks: A Survey, Issues and Challenges

Cloud computing and wireless networks, both are two different important components in information technology (IT) world. These both wide network components are unlike from each other and their characteristics are providing huge services. By using these services, users getting several computing services at low cost while providing the security and privacy. According to the one survey till end of the 2016, gross payments from the e-commerce business management was spent $4 billion for maintenance of datacenters. Energy consumption is the key component in the information technology world, because due to the wastage usage of computing hardware components like servers, datacenters and network bandwidth etc., business profits will be go down. So, by integration of these two areas, online business management will get more revenues while providing the QoS. The proposed mechanism, deploying the cloudlets for executing the actions, which are belongs to the wireless networks such as Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) etc. The proposed idea addressed better solution to avoid Service Level Agreement�s (SLA) violations and poor QoS

PROPOSE OF HIGH POTENCY OF CONCRETE AND DURABILITY WITH ADDITION OF FLYASH AGGREGATE

Geopolymer concrete is an atmosphere pleasant which has much less carbon exhaust compared to the Portland concrete. The manufacturing of Portland concrete adds 13.5 billion load co2 each year (0.87 heap co2 for each and every lots of Portland concrete). Geopolymer is mix of waste product like flyash as a result does not have a market which might trigger co2 discharge. When Portland concrete was generated a blend of resources called for home heating greater than 1400 ◦ C to get concrete powder as well as its equivalent high use gases. For protecting our natural deposits it could be made use of. I have actually carried out complying with examination such as compressive stamina, divided tensile toughness as well as acid resistance by changing flyash. Reduced calcium ClassF flyash has actually been made use of. The concrete blends include either lava or smashed sedimentary rock, accumulated dimensions of 12 mm ('h in.) or 19 mm (: Y. in.), and also rugged accumulation materials with accumulated quantity variables (ACI 211.1-91) of0.75 as well as 0.67. Water-to-cementations worldly proportions vary from 0.24 to 0.50. Compressive stamina’s vary from 25 MPa (3,670 psi) to 97 MPa (13,970 psi)

Salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a disorder characterized by recurring ulcers involving the oral mucosa in patients with no other signs of disease. The current concept of etiopathogenesis is that RAS is a clinical syndrome with several possible etiologies. The process seen in RAS is probably initiated through an as yet unidentified antigenic stimulation of the mucosal keratinocytes, which stimulates secretion of T- cell activation cytokines- Interleukins and Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). TNFα causes inflammation by its effect on endothelial cell adhesion and neutrophil chemotaxis. The relevance of TNFα to the pathogenesis of RAS has stemmed from the observations that anti- TNFα drugs such as thalidomide and pentoxifylline have been found to be effective in the treatment of RAS. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to measure the levels of salivary TNFα in patients with RAS which will reflect the local production of cytokines at the site of the disease. Aim: To evaluate the salivary levels of TNFα in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 60 subjects, of whom 30 clinically proven RAS patients of either sex were selected as cases and 30 healthy, age & gender-matched subjects were selected as controls. After taking informed consent, 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected from both the study and control group. Determination of salivary TNFα levels was done by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and expressed in picograms per milliliter (pg/ml). The statistical analysis of the RAS group and the control group were done using unpaired t-test. Gender wise comparison of salivary TNFα levels in the study and control groups was done using one-way ANOVA test. Results: There was statistically highly significant increase in the mean salivary TNFα levels in the RAS group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). It was also revealed that the mean salivary TNFα levels in females were more than males in the study group and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: It is fair to suggest that TNFα plays a very important mediatory role in the pathogenesis of RAS and may play an important role in the search for a definitive treatment for the disease

Angstrofluidics:walking to the limit

Angstrom-scale fluidic channels are ubiquitous in nature, and play an important role in regulating cellular traffic, signaling, and responding to stimuli. Synthetic channels are now a reality with the emergence of several cutting-edge bottom-up and top-down fabrication methods. In particular, the use of atomically thin two dimensional (2D) materials and nanotubes as components to build fluidic conduits has pushed the limits of fabrication to the Angstrom-scale. Here, we provide an overview of the recent developments in the fabrication methods for nano- and angstrofluidic channels while categorizing them on the basis of dimensionality (0D pores, 1D tubes, 2D slits), along with the latest advances in measurement techniques. We discuss the ionic transport governed by various stimuli in these channels and draw comparison of ionic mobility, streaming and osmotic power, with varying pore sizes across all the dimensionalities. Towards the end of the review, we highlight the unique future opportunities in the development of smart ionic devices.Comment: Keywords: Angstrofluidics, nanofluidics, confinement, ion transport, 2D materials, molecular transport 6 figures, review articl

Water friction in nanofluidic channels made from two-dimensional crystals.

From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2021-05-01, epub 2021-05-25Publication status: PublishedFunder: European Research Council; Grant(s): 852674Membrane-based applications such as osmotic power generation, desalination and molecular separation would benefit from decreasing water friction in nanoscale channels. However, mechanisms that allow fast water flows are not fully understood yet. Here we report angstrom-scale capillaries made from atomically flat crystals and study the effect of confining walls' material on water friction. A massive difference is observed between channels made from isostructural graphite and hexagonal boron nitride, which is attributed to different electrostatic and chemical interactions at the solid-liquid interface. Using precision microgravimetry and ion streaming measurements, we evaluate the slip length, a measure of water friction, and investigate its possible links with electrical conductivity, wettability, surface charge and polarity of the confining walls. We also show that water friction can be controlled using hybrid capillaries with different slip lengths at opposing walls. The reported advances extend nanofluidics' toolkit for designing smart membranes and mimicking manifold machinery of biological channels

Fabrication, Characterization and Assessment of Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Nanomedicine Approach for Paclitaxel Delivery for Enhanced Cancer Treatment

The effectiveness of paclitaxel as a cancer treatment is widely recognized. However, its solubility issue can be addressed by blending it with ethanol and Cremophor EL, a product marketed under the trade name Taxol. Nevertheless, to enhance the anticancer efficacy of Cremophor EL and reduce adverse effects, alternative delivery methods and strategies must be explored. The objective of this work was to synthesize PLGA nanoparticles (PNF) loaded with paclitaxel and evaluate a number of characteristics, including in vitro drug release, drug loading, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and particle size. Finding the best formulation, PNF4, based on its in vitro drug release properties, was the main goal of the study. The surface morphology of PNF4 was then investigated by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy after that (SEM and TEM). The delivery method follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, according to analysis of the in vitro drug release kinetics, indicating a "Fickian diffusion" mechanism. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated that the PNF4 formulation exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared to free paclitaxel

Stray magnetic field imaging of thin exfoliated iron halides flakes

Magnetic van der Waals materials are often proposed for use in future spintronic devices, aiming to leverage the combination of long-range magnetic order and near-atomic thinness to produce energy-efficient components. One class of material that has been discussed in this context are the iron halides FeCl$_2$ and FeBr$_2$, which are A-type antiferromagnets with strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, despite characterization of the bulk materials, the possibility for sustaining the magnetic behaviors that would underpin such applications in thin flakes has not been investigated. In this work, we use nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center microscopy to quantitatively image magnetism in individual exfoliated flakes of these iron halides, revealing the absence of magnetic remanence, a weak induced magnetization under bias field and variable behavior versus temperature. We show that our results are consistent with the antiferromagnetic behavior of the bulk material with a soft ferromagnetic uncompensated layer, indicating that extended ($>1~\mu$m) ferromagnetic domains are not sustained even at low temperatures (down to 4 K). Finally, we find that the magnetic order is strongly affected by the sample preparation, with a surprising diamagnetic order observed in a thin, hydrated sample.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure

Stray magnetic field imaging of thin exfoliated iron halides flakes

Magnetic van der Waals materials are often proposed for use in future spintronic devices, aiming to leverage the combination of long-range magnetic order and near-atomic thinness to produce energy-efficient components. One class of material that has been discussed in this context are the iron halides FeCl2 and FeBr2, which are A-type antiferromagnets with strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, despite characterization of the bulk materials, the possibility for sustaining the magnetic behaviors that would underpin such applications in thin flakes has not been investigated. In this work, we use nitrogen-vacancy center microscopy to quantitatively image magnetism in individual exfoliated flakes of these iron halides, revealing the absence of magnetic remanence, a weak induced magnetization under bias field, and variable behavior versus temperature. We show that our results are consistent with the antiferromagnetic behavior of the bulk material with a soft ferromagnetic uncompensated layer, indicating that extended (&gt;1µm) ferromagnetic domains are not sustained even at low temperatures (down to 4 K). Finally, we find that the magnetic order is strongly affected by the sample preparation, with a surprising diamagnetic behavior observed in a thin, hydrated sample.<br/

Liquid-activated quantum emission from native hBN defects for nanofluidic sensing

Nanostructures made of two-dimensional (2D) materials have become the flagship of nanofluidic discoveries in recent years. By confining liquids down to a few atomic layers, anomalies in molecular transport and structure have been revealed. Currently, only indirect and ensemble averaged techniques have been able to operate in such extreme confinements, as even the smallest molecular fluorophores are too bulky to penetrate state-of-the-art single-digit nanofluidic systems. This strong limitation calls for the development of novel optical approaches allowing for the direct molecular imaging of liquids confined at the nanoscale. Here, we show that native defects present at the surface of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) - a widely used 2D material - can serve as probes for molecular sensing in liquid, without compromising the atomic smoothness of their host material. We first demonstrate that native surface defects are readily activated through interactions with organic solvents and confirm their quantum emission properties. Vibrational spectra of the emitters suggest that their activation occurs through the chemisorption of carbon-bearing liquid molecules onto native hBN defects. The correlated activation of neighboring defects reveals single-molecule dynamics at the interface, while defect emission spectra offer a direct readout of the local dielectric properties of the liquid medium. We then harvest these effects in atomically smooth slit-shaped van der Waals channels, revealing molecular dynamics and increasing dielectric order under nanometre-scale confinement. Liquid-activated native defects in pristine hBN bridge the gap between solid-state nanophotonics and nanofluidics and open up new avenues for nanoscale sensing and optofluidics.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure