An Exploration of the State-Trait Continuum in Counseling and Positive Psychology

Counselors value remaining positive in the face of adversity. Consequently, positive psychology has placed an emphasis on uncovering how long-enduring positive traits (e.g., hope, wisdom, and creativity) can be developed from short-term positive states. This search has resulted in positive psychology\u27s conceptualization of a state-trait continuum. This study explores the state-trait continuum by examining possible quantitative relationships between a state instrument (the Learning Environment Preferences) and a trait instrument (the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator). Research question 1 found a significant predictive relationship between two MBTI scales (S-N and J-P) and the LEP\u27s cognitive complexity index. Research question 2 found a significant relationship suggesting that very clear preference scores across the MBTI dichotomies are associated with higher cognitive complexity

The Importance of Formative Assessment in Science and Engineering Ethics Education: Some Evidence and Practical Advice

Recent research in ethics education shows a potentially problematic variation in content, curricular materials, and instruction. While ethics instruction is now widespread, studies have identified significant variation in both the goals and methods of ethics education, leaving researchers to conclude that many approaches may be inappropriately paired with goals that are unachievable. This paper speaks to these concerns by demonstrating the importance of aligning classroom-based assessments to clear ethical learning objectives in order to help students and instructors track their progress toward meeting those objectives. Two studies at two different universities demonstrate the usefulness of classroom-based, formative assessments for improving the quality of students’ case responses in computational modeling and research ethics

Resonant electron transmission through a finite quantum spin chain

Electron transport in a finite one dimensional quantum spin chain (with ferromagnetic exchange) is studied within an $s-d$ exchange Hamiltonian. Spin transfer coefficients strongly depend on the sign of the $s-d$ exchange constant. For a ferromagnetic coupling, they exhibit a novel resonant pattern, reflecting the salient features of the combined electron-spin system. Spin-flip processes are inelastic and feasible at finite voltage or at finite temperature.Comment: 4 pages including 4 .eps figure

Costs and Revenues Associated With Overweight Trucks in Indiana

This study established the unit costs of pavement and bridge damage due to overweight vehicles, and discussed issues concerning overweight vehicle e enforcement in Indiana. The study identified gaps in the existing practice and research, and established a practical framework that includes the development of asset families; establishment of realistic types and timings of reconstruction, rehabilitation, and maintenance, traffic volumes and growth projections; and damage cost estimation for each asset family and age group. The sensitivity of asset damage cost with respect to key policy and analysis variables was explored. Finally, the study examined the cost and operational issues associated with the enforcement of overweight truck policies. For pavement assets, the damage cost estimates were found to range from $0.006 per ESAL-mile on Interstates to$0.218 per ESAL-mile on non-national highways. The results also suggested that the pavement damage cost estimates are highly sensitive to the pavement life-cycle length, interest rate, rest period, and the costs and service lives of rehabilitation treatments. For bridges, an incremental-design methodology was used to assign damage cost to vehicle classes based on axle configurations and vehicle-miles of travel. Each FHWA vehicle weight group was classified into an equivalent AASHTO loading using the modified equivalent vehicle model which is based on gross vehicle weight, axle loading and axle spacing. Adopting a permit structure on the basis of gross vehicle weight only, will result in some vehicles underpaying by as much as 92% of their actual contribution to bridge damage. Finally, the study examined the cost and operational issues associated with the enforcement of overweight truck policies and made recommendations regarding equipment types and locations, staffing, and staff schedules, in order to promote cost-effective practices in weight enforcement

Documenting and Digitizing with Dignity: Ethical Considerations and the West African Frontier Force Personnel Records

This article explores considerations arising from the digitization of the personnel records from the West African Frontier Force held at the Sierra Leone Public Archives. These records reflect a knowable and living past and contain sensitive and confidential information including medical and personal details not normally disclosed to the public. Best practice and ethics must be taken into account to protect the privacy of these subjects, but this approach applies beyond these records to all those concerning the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Digital best practice emphasizes the human dignity of what might otherwise be regarded as data alone. We begin by exploring the archive itself as an abstract and then a physical concept, as in many cases archives are the homes of documents which are vital to our research, but these documents may be in precarious condition. By reflecting on the archive as an object, our concern for best practice extends to respecting both the provenance of the primary sources and the people who preserve them. The second topic we explore is a methodological and ethical one: the organization, anonymization, and standardization of data and metadata. This portion of our article is intended to serve as a guide for other, similar research projects, offering a method of efficiently organizing complex systems of documents, particularly those where the original file structure should be maintained as closely as possible to preserve meaning. We finally consider the challenge of placing soldiers’ origins onto a mapped topography, which leads us to analyze the considerable issues around colonial mapping as a whole, and to develop a way of navigating this hurdle. Our article illuminates various challenges as we digitize and trace individual lives within complex archival data. In each case we have described the challenge we found, analyzed it, and developed ways of addressing or solving problems which we believe will stand as best practice when applied beyond our project.Cet article examine certaines des conséquences de la numérisation des dossiers du personnel de la West African Frontier Force conservés dans les archives publiques de la Sierre Leone. Ces dossiers rendent possible l’accès à une image d’un passé encore vif, puisqu’ils contiennent des informations délicates et confidentielles, telles que des détails médicaux et personnels, qui ne sont pas normalement révélés au public. Il faut tenir compte des bonnes pratiques et de l’éthique pour protéger la vie privée des sujets, et cela doit s’appliquer à toutes les archives liées à la traite des esclaves transatlantique. Les bonnes pratiques numériques valorisent la dignité humaine des personnes qui risqueraient autrement d’être traitées comme des données. Dans cet article, nous commençons d’abord à explorer l’archive sous ses aspects fragmentaires ainsi que physiques : dans certains cas, les archives abritent des documents essentiels à nos recherches, mais cela dans des conditions très précaires. Nos réflexions sur la matérialité de l’archive nous ont menés à de bonnes pratiques qui respectent aussi bien la provenance des sources primaires que les personnes qui les conservent. Nous passons ensuite à des considérations méthodologiques et éthiques : comment organiser, anonymiser et standardiser les données et les métadonnées. Nous espérons que cette section servira de guide à d’autres projets de recherche semblables en proposant une méthode efficace pour organiser des systèmes complexes de documents, surtout pour ceux où il faudrait respecter le plus possible la structure d’origine des fichiers pour en respecter la signification. Enfin, nous abordons les problèmes que pose la localisation des origines des soldats sur les cartes topographiques ; cela nous a amenés à analyser les divers problèmes de la cartographie coloniale dans sa globalité, et ainsi à trouver des solutions adéquates. Notre article éclaire les défis de la recherche et de la numérisation de vies individuelles à travers des données d’archives complexes : dans chaque cas, nous avons décrit et analysé les obstacles auxquels nous avons été confrontés et les moyens trouvés pour les affronter ou les résoudre, avec la conviction qu’ils pouvaient constituer de bonnes pratiques qui pouvaient être appliquées à d’autres projets.Este articulo examina algunas consecuencias de la digitalización de los expedientes del personal de la West African Frontier Force conservados en los archivos públicos de Sierra Leone. Estos expedientes ofrecen la imagen de un pasado accesible a nuestro conocimiento y aún vivo, ya que conservan informaciones delicadas y confidenciales, tales como detalles médicos y personales, que no se entregan habitualmente al público. Es necesario tomar en cuenta las buenas prácticas y la ética para proteger la vida privada de los sujetos, y el mismo método puede aplicarse a todos los archivos vinculados con la trata transatlántica de esclavos. Las buenas prácticas en el ámbito de la digitalización enfatizan la dignidad humana de personas que, de otra manera, correrían peligro de ser tratadas como datos. Consideramos, primero, el archivo tanto en sus aspectos abstractos como físicos: en ciertos casos, los archivos conservan documentos esenciales para nuestras investigaciones, pero en condiciones precarias. Nuestras reflexiones sobre la materialidad del archivo nos han llevado a buenas prácticas que respetan tanto el origen de las fuentes primarias como las personas que las conservan. Luego pasamos a consideraciones metodológicas y éticas: cómo organizar, anonimizar y estandarizar los datos y los metadatos, esperando servir de guía a otros proyectos de investigación parecidos, proponiendo una metodología eficaz para organizar sistemas complejos de documentos, sobre todo en los casos en que habría que respetar lo más posible la estructura de origen de los archivos para que no se pierda su significado. Por último, abordamos los problemas que plantea la localización de los orígenes de los soldados en las cartas topográficas, lo que nos ha llevado a analizar los diversos aspectos problemáticos de la cartografía colonial, y a encontrar soluciones adecuadas. Nuestro artículo aclara los desafíos de la investigación y de la digitalización de vidas individuales a través de los datos de archivos complejos: en cada caso, hemos descrito y analizado los obstáculos y encontrado maneras de sortearlos, con la convicción de que nuestras soluciones podrán ser aplicadas en otros proyectos.Este artigo examina algumas consequências da digitalização dos registos do pessoal da West African Frontier Force, guardados nos arquivos públicos da Sierra Leone. Estes registos deixam a imagem de um passado acessível ao nosso conhecimento e ainda vivo, ao conter informações sensíveis e confidenciais, como pormenores médicos e pessoais, que não seriam normalmente revelados ao público. Importa considerar as boas práticas e a ética para proteger a vida privada dos indivíduos, e o mesmo método pode ser aplicado a todos os arquivos ligados ao trato transatlântico de escravos. As boas práticas digitais realçam a dignidade humana das pessoas que de outra maneira riscariam ser tratadas como dados. Consideramos primeiro o arquivo no seu aspecto abstrato mas também físico: em alguns casos, os arquivos conservam documentos essenciais para as nossas pesquisas, mas em condições muito precárias. As nossas reflexões sobre a materialidade do arquivo levaram-nos a considerar boas práticas que respeitam tanto a procedência das fontes primárias quanto as pessoas que as conservam. Passamos a seguir à considerações metodológicas e éticas: como organizar, anonimizar e uniformizar os dados e os metadados, esperando assim guiar outros projetos de investigação similares, ao propor um método eficiente para organizar sistemas complexos de documentos, sobretudo nos casos em que seria necessário respeitar quanto possível a estrutura original dos ficheiros para não perder sua significação. Por fim, abordamos os problemas que coloca a localização das origens dos soldados nos mapas topográficos, o que nos levou a analizar os diferentes aspectos problemáticos da cartografia colonial, e assim encontrar soluções apropriadas. O nosso artigo esclarece os desafios da pesquisa e da digitalização de vidas individuais através de dados de arquivo complexos: em cada caso, descrevemos e analisamos as dificuldades e os meios para contorná-las, com a convicção que estas soluções poderão ser aplicadas em outros projetos

Partitioning Evapotranspiration in Semiarid Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems Using Diurnal Surface Temperature Variation

The encroachment of woody plants in grasslands across the Western U.S. will affect soil water availability by altering the contributions of evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) to total evapotranspiration (ET). To study this phenomenon, a network of flux stations is in place to measure ET in grass- and shrub-dominated ecosystems throughout the Western U.S. A method is described and tested here to partition the daily measurements of ET into E and T based on diurnal surface temperature variations of the soil and standard energy balance theory. The difference between the mid-afternoon and pre-dawn soil surface temperature, termed Apparent Thermal Inertia (I(sub A)), was used to identify days when E was negligible, and thus, ET=T. For other days, a three-step procedure based on energy balance equations was used to estimate Qe contributions of daily E and T to total daily ET. The method was tested at Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeast Arizona based on Bowen ratio estimates of ET and continuous measurements of surface temperature with an infrared thermometer (IRT) from 2004- 2005, and a second dataset of Bowen ratio, IRT and stem-flow gage measurements in 2003. Results showed that reasonable estimates of daily T were obtained for a multi-year period with ease of operation and minimal cost. With known season-long daily T, E and ET, it is possible to determine the soil water availability associated with grass- and shrub-dominated sites and better understand the hydrologic impact of regional woody plant encroachment

BMQ

BMQ: Boston Medical Quarterly was published from 1950-1966 by the Boston University School of Medicine and the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals