Distributive Laws for Monotone Specifications

Turi and Plotkin introduced an elegant approach to structural operational semantics based on universal coalgebra, parametric in the type of syntax and the type of behaviour. Their framework includes abstract GSOS, a categorical generalisation of the classical GSOS rule format, as well as its categorical dual, coGSOS. Both formats are well behaved, in the sense that each specification has a unique model on which behavioural equivalence is a congruence. Unfortunately, the combination of the two formats does not feature these desirable properties. We show that monotone specifications - that disallow negative premises - do induce a canonical distributive law of a monad over a comonad, and therefore a unique, compositional interpretation.Comment: In Proceedings EXPRESS/SOS 2017, arXiv:1709.0004

Additional file 1: of Cost analysis of the very elderly admitted to intensive care units

List of participating centres. (DOCX 37 kb

A cost-effectiveness analysis of national smoking cessation services among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in Thailand

Thailand’s national smoking cessation services (FAH-SAI clinics) were founded in 2010. A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is needed to inform policymakers of the allocation and prioritization of the limited budget to maximize the value for money of reimbursing these services. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients would benefit from smoking cessation services. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of these multidisciplinary services compared to the usual care among COPD patients in Thailand from a societal perspective. We conducted a CEA from a societal perspective using a Markov model to simulate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained by each smoking cessation intervention over the patient’s lifetime. We derived the effectiveness of the smoking cessation services from a multicenter, longitudinal study of smoking cessation services in Thailand and estimated the natural quit rate, transition probabilities, health utility, and cost data from the published literature. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3%. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Compared to the usual care, FAH-SAI clinics were associated with higher costs (4,207 THB (US$133)) and improved QALYs (0.11), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 37,675 THB/QALY (US$1,187/QALY). The effectiveness of FAH-SAI clinics was a key driver of the cost-effectiveness results. At the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 160,000 THB (US$5,042) per QALY gained, the probability of being cost-effective was 96.5%. FAH-SAI clinics were cost-effective under Thailand’s WTP threshold. Our results could inform policymakers in allocating resources to support smoking cessation services for COPD patients in Thailand.</p

Additional file 1: of Estimates and predictors of health care costs of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based cohort study

Materials and Methods. Table S1. Fee codes used to define types of treatment for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Table S2. Codes used to define cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma. (DOCX 22 kb

Additional file 4: of Economic evaluation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis strategies: protocol for a methodological systematic review and quantitative synthesis

Quality assessment. (DOCX 34 kb

Additional file 1: of Risk assessment tools to predict location of discharge and need for supportive services for medical patients after discharge from hospital: a systematic review protocol

Search strategy used for MEDLINE and adapted for other databases. (DOCX 66 kb

Additional file 3: of Estimates and predictors of health care costs of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based cohort study

Table S3. Demographic characteristics of esophageal adenocarcinoma cases and controls, 2003–2011. (DOCX 21 kb

Additional file 2: of Estimates and predictors of health care costs of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based cohort study

Figure S1. Flowchart describing the selection of the study population. (JPG 90 kb

Additional file 7: of Estimates and predictors of health care costs of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based cohort study

Figure S4a-d. Overall and phase of care net cost of health care resources by treatment type for esophageal adenocarcinoma, 2003–2011: (a) Overall; (b) Initial Phase; (c) Continuing Care Phase; and (d) Terminal Phase. (JPG 80 kb

Additional file 3: of Emergency Department disposition decisions and associated mortality and costs in ICU patients with suspected infection

Multivariable generalized linear models for total costs incurred. Multivariable generalized linear models depicting impact of variables on overall costs. (DOCX 68 kb