Isolation and identification of flavonoids from anticancer and neuroprotective extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum

Purpose: To evaluate the protective effects of Trigonella foenum graecum methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, against cancer cell lines and NaNO2-induced neurodegeneration in mice brain.Methods: Adult male albino mice (n = 20) were administered NaNO2 orally at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 15 days. The control group received distilled water and normal mice feed. Experimental groups were given T. foenum graecum methanol and ethyl acetate extracts in two different doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Histopathological examination of the brain was carried out with the aid of cresyl violet and H&E staining. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated by 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against HCEC, MCF-7 and Hep2 cell lines. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were used to determine the structures of the bioactive compounds.Results: Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of T. foenum graecum seeds inhibited neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain when compared to control group. Moreover, the extracts exhibited anticancer activity against Hep2 and MCF-7cells and low cytotoxicity against HCEC, sparing healthy cells in-vitro. In addition, two flavonoids amurensin and cosmosiin were isolated from T. foenum graecum extracts.Conclusion: Amurensin and cosmosiin from T. foenum extracts are reported here for the first time agents that possess significant anticancer and neuroprotective properties.Keywords: Trigonella foenum-graecum, Anticancer, Neurodegeneration, Flavonoids, Amurensin, Cosmosii

EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF 1,1'-DIMETHYLFERROCENE GAS-PHASE STRUCTURE AND DETECTION OF 1,2'-DIMETHYLFERROCENE STRUCTURAL ISOMERS USING PULSE BEAM FOURIER TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETERaSPECTROMETER^{a}

$^{a}$ Supported by THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of ArizonaWe now report results from the first gas-phase structural study of dimethylferrocene. This research is part of the continuing interests to understand the relation between structure and reactivity of substituted ferrocene. In the present work, we have obtained the microwave spectra of two structural isomers of dimethylferrocene, namely 1,1'-dimethylferrocene and 1,2'-dimethylferrocene. The asymmetric-top spectra of both isomers were measured in the frequency range of 4-12 GHz using a Flygare-Balle type of spectrometer. Overall 74 rotational transitions (R branch) of the normal isotopomer were observed. 30 transitions were assigned to 1,1'-dimethylferrocene and the rest to 1,2'-dimethylferrocene. The least-squares fit to the observed transitions suggests that the structure of 1,1'-dimethylferrocene is nearly rigid. The deviations in the least-squares fit for 1,2'-dimethylferrocene are significantly larger, suggesting some possible fluxional behavior associated with this isomer. 7 out of the 44 transitions for 1,2'-dimethylferrocene clearly exhibits very small splittings that were not observed for 1,1'-dimethylferrocene. These small splittings, which are being analyzed, are most likely due to torsional motion of the methyl group. The rotational spectrum of both isomers will be presented along with the results of the latest fit

ROTATIONAL SPECTRA AND HYPERFINE STRUCTURE FOR A TITANIUM SANDWICH COMPLEX, C5_5H5_5TiC7_7H7_7

{Supported by THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CHE0304969Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721\begin{wrapfigure}[9]{R}{4CM} \vspace{-0.6cm} \hspace*{-0.1cm} \epsfig{file=cpti8.eps} \end{wrapfigure} Microwave spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations are reported for the cyclopentadienylcycloheptatrienyltitanium complex, C$_5$H$_5$TiC$_7$H$_7$. This appears to be the first microwave work on a complex containing the cycloheptatrienyl ligand. Rotational transition frequencies for this symmetric-top complex were measured in the 4-13 GHz range using a Flygare-Balle-type pulsed beam spectrometer. The spectroscopic constants obtained for the normal isotopomer are B= 771.78907(38), D$_J$= 0.0000295(41), and D$_{JK}$= 0.001584(73) MHz. The quadrupole hyperfine splittings for C$_5$H$_5$$^{48}$TiC$_7$H$_7$ were clearly observed, and eQq$_{aa}$= 18.432(90) MHz. Analysis of the rotational constants indicates that bond lengths in the gas phase are about 0.02\AA\ longer than those reported for the solid-state X-ray structure. The calculated Ti-C bond lengths are shorter for the C$_7$H$_7$ ligand (r(Ti-C)=2.21\AA) than for the C$_5$H$_5$ ligand (r(Ti-C)=2.34\AA), and the C$_7$H$_7$ H atoms are displaced 0.15\AA\ out of the C7 plane, toward the Ti atom

MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY MEASUREMENTS OF THE GAS PHASE STRUCTURE OF CYCLOPENTADIENYL TUNGSTENTRICARBONYL HYDRIDE

{Supported by THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION - CHE0304969Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721\begin{wrapfigure}[10]{r}{5.5cm} \vspace{-1.2cm} \hspace{-0.1cm} \epsfig{file=test.eps} \end{wrapfigure} Microwave spectra for five unique $^{13}$C isotopomers of cyclopentadienyltungstentricarbonyl hydride were measured using a Flygare-Balle type microwave spectrometer system. The new rotational constants were combined with the previously obtained rotational constants for normal and deuterium analogues for various tungsten isotopes. A total of fifty-seven rotational constants were acquired and used in the least squares fit to obtain the gas phase structure of this d$^4$ - metal mono hydride complex. The results from the structural fit yielded the W-H bond length: r$_o$(W-H)= 1.788(20) \AA, which agrees very well with the previously reported Kraitchman value of r$_s$(W-H)= 1.79(4) \AA. The present study also yielded the distance from tungsten to the centroid distance of the C$_5$H$_5$ ring: r(W-Cp)= 2.02(1) \AA, the ring radius of Cp: r(Cp)= 1.2016(4) \AA, the average bond length from tungsten to the carbonyl carbon, r(W-CO)= 1.981(14) \AA, and the average cyclopentadienyl C-C bond length of 1.421(4) \AA. \\ Results obtained from the structural fit are in much closer agreement with the Kraitchman values than with the DFT results

ROTATIONAL SPECTRA OF CYCLOPENTADIENYLTUNGSTEN TRICARBONYL HYDRIDE COMPLEX USING PULSE BEAM FOURIER TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETERaSPECTROMETER^{a}

$^{a}$Supported by THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of ArizonaTransition metal carbonyl hydride complexes based on tungsten or molybdenum have recently been explored as possible agents for hydrogenation catalysts. This is the first measurement of rotational spectra for a tungsten hydride complex. The asymmetric-top spectra for the four tungsten isotopomers of cyclopentadi-enyltungsten tricarbonyl hydride complex were measured in the frequency range of $5-12$ GHz using a Flygare-Balle type of spectrometer. The spectra have been assigned and rotational parameters have been derived from the least-squares fits. The preliminary fit results suggest that the complex behaves nearly like a rigid rotor. The work is in progress to obtain spectra for more isotopic species to solve the gas phase structure and obtain the hydrogen bond length of this complex. [FIGUER

THE STRUCTURE OF CYCLOPENTADIENYL TUNGSTEN TRICARBONYL HYDRIDE COMPLEXaCOMPLEX^{a}

$^{a}$Supported by THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATIONAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of ArizonaWe report the structural parameters for the cyclopentadienyl tungsten tricarbonyl hydride complex. Tungsten and molybedum carbonyl mono-hydride complexes have recently been explored as possible agents for hydrogenation catalysts. We have now obtained spectra for five unique 13C and a D-isotopomers using a pulsed-beam FT spectrometer system. This is the first measurement of the structure for a tungsten mono-hydride complex. The present structural data obtained from the Kraitchman and structure fits analyses are in good agreement with results obtained from DFT calculations. [FIGURE

Pharmacologically active flavonoids from the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts of Cassia angustifolia Vahl

Background: Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (commonly known as senna makkai or cassia senna), native to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen and also extensively cultivated in Pakistan, is a medicinal herb used traditionally to cure number of diseases like liver diseases, constipation, typhoid, cholera etc. This study was conducted to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer assays and phytochemical constituents of aqueous and organic extracts of C. angustifolia leaves. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of C. angustifolia aqueous and organic (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate) extracts were investigated by the disk diffusion method. These extracts were further evaluated for antioxidant potential by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anticancer activities of the extracts were determined by the MTT colorimetric assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of C. angustifolia extracts were evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. The structures of the bioactive compounds were elucidated by NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. Results: Bioactivity-guided screening of C. angustifolia extracts, led to the isolation and identification of three flavonoids quercimeritrin (1), scutellarein (2), and rutin (3) reported for the first time from this plant, showed significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 (IC50, 4.0 mu g/mu L), HeLa (IC50, 5.45 mu g/mu L), Hep2 (IC50, 7.28 mu g/mu L) and low cytotoxicity against HCEC (IC50, 21.09 mu g/mu L). Significant antioxidant activity was observed with IC50 2.41 mu g/mL against DPPH radical. Moreover, C. angustifolia extracts have the potential to inhibit microbial growth of E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, S. mercescens and S. typhi. Conclusion: C. angustifolia extracts revealed the presence of quercimeritrin (1), scutellarein (2), and rutin (3), all known to have useful bioactivities including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities.Research Directorate, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan [H-12]This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]