144 research outputs found
How social security keeps older persons out of poverty across developed countries
Social Security is a major retirement income source for older persons in the United States and other developed countries. Without Social Security income, a large portion of the older population would live in poverty in all developed countries. This report analyzes how or to what extent Social Security keeps older persons out of poverty across developed countries by examining changes in poverty rates of older persons with and without Social Security income
AccidentGPT: Large Multi-Modal Foundation Model for Traffic Accident Analysis
Traffic accident analysis is pivotal for enhancing public safety and
developing road regulations. Traditional approaches, although widely used, are
often constrained by manual analysis processes, subjective decisions, uni-modal
outputs, as well as privacy issues related to sensitive data. This paper
introduces the idea of AccidentGPT, a foundation model of traffic accident
analysis, which incorporates multi-modal input data to automatically
reconstruct the accident process video with dynamics details, and furthermore
provide multi-task analysis with multi-modal outputs. The design of the
AccidentGPT is empowered with a multi-modality prompt with feedback for
task-oriented adaptability, a hybrid training schema to leverage labelled and
unlabelled data, and a edge-cloud split configuration for data privacy. To
fully realize the functionalities of this model, we proposes several research
opportunities. This paper serves as the stepping stone to fill the gaps in
traditional approaches of traffic accident analysis and attract the research
community attention for automatic, objective, and privacy-preserving traffic
accident analysis.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Apprenticeship Standard : Non-Destructive Testing Engineer
High-efficiency video compression technology is of primary importance to the storage and transmission of digital medical video in modern medical communication systems. To further improve the compression performance of medical ultrasound video, two innovative technologies based on diagnostic region-of-interest (ROI) extraction using the high efficiency video coding (H.265/HEVC) standard are presented in this paper. First, an effective ROI extraction algorithm based on image textural features is proposed to strengthen the applicability of ROI detection results in the H.265/HEVC quad-tree coding structure. Second, a hierarchical coding method based on transform coefficient adjustment and a quantization parameter (QP) selection process is designed to implement the otherness encoding for ROIs and non-ROIs. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization strategy significantly improves the coding performance by achieving a BD-BR reduction of 13.52% and a BD-PSNR gain of 1.16 dB on average compared to H.265/HEVC (HM15.0). The proposed medical video coding algorithm is expected to satisfy low bit-rate compression requirements for modern medical communication systems
FF2: A Feature Fusion Two-Stream Framework for Punctuation Restoration
To accomplish punctuation restoration, most existing methods focus on
introducing extra information (e.g., part-of-speech) or addressing the class
imbalance problem. Recently, large-scale transformer-based pre-trained language
models (PLMS) have been utilized widely and obtained remarkable success.
However, the PLMS are trained on the large dataset with marks, which may not
fit well with the small dataset without marks, causing the convergence to be
not ideal. In this study, we propose a Feature Fusion two-stream framework
(FF2) to bridge the gap. Specifically, one stream leverages a pre-trained
language model to capture the semantic feature, while another auxiliary module
captures the feature at hand. We also modify the computation of multi-head
attention to encourage communication among heads. Then, two features with
different perspectives are aggregated to fuse information and enhance context
awareness. Without additional data, the experimental results on the popular
benchmark IWSLT demonstrate that FF2 achieves new SOTA performance, which
verifies that our approach is effective.Comment: 5pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:2203.1248
TLM: Token-Level Masking for Transformers
Structured dropout approaches, such as attention dropout and DropHead, have
been investigated to regularize the multi-head attention mechanism in
Transformers. In this paper, we propose a new regularization scheme based on
token-level rather than structure-level to reduce overfitting. Specifically, we
devise a novel Token-Level Masking (TLM) training strategy for Transformers to
regularize the connections of self-attention, which consists of two masking
techniques that are effective and easy to implement. The underlying idea is to
manipulate the connections between tokens in the multi-head attention via
masking, where the networks are forced to exploit partial neighbors'
information to produce a meaningful representation. The generality and
effectiveness of TLM are thoroughly evaluated via extensive experiments on 4
diversified NLP tasks across 18 datasets, including natural language
understanding benchmark GLUE, ChineseGLUE, Chinese Grammatical Error
Correction, and data-to-text generation. The results indicate that TLM can
consistently outperform attention dropout and DropHead, e.g., it increases by
0.5 points relative to DropHead with BERT-large on GLUE. Moreover, TLM can
establish a new record on the data-to-text benchmark Rotowire (18.93 BLEU). Our
code will be publicly available at https://github.com/Young1993/tlm.Comment: 13 pages. Accepted by EMNLP2023 main conferenc
Macrophageâderived apoptotic bodies promote the proliferation of the recipient cells via shuttling microRNAâ221/222
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141103/1/jlb1349.pd
Terahertz Spin Current Dynamics in Antiferromagnetic Hematite
An important vision of modern magnetic research is to use antiferromagnets (AFMs) as controllable and active ultrafast components in spintronic devices. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a promising model material in this respect because its pronounced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction leads to the coexistence of antiferromagnetism and weak ferromagnetism. Here, femtosecond laser pulses are used to drive terahertz (THz) spin currents from α-Fe2O3 into an adjacent Pt layer. Two contributions to the generation of the spin current with distinctly different dynamics are found: the impulsive stimulated Raman scatting that relies on the AFM order and the ultrafast spin Seebeck effect that relies on the net magnetization. The total THz spin current dynamics can be manipulated by a medium-strength magnetic field below 1 T. The control of the THz spin current achieved in α-Fe2O3 opens the pathway toward tailoring the exact spin current dynamics from ultrafast AFM spin sources
A Further Finite Element Stress Analysis of Angled Abutments for an Implant Placed in the Anterior Maxilla
To systematically measure and compare the stress distribution on the bone around an implant in the anterior maxilla using angled abutments by means of finite element analysis, three-dimensional finite element simplified patient-specific models and simplified models were created and analyzed. Systematically varied angled abutments were simulated, with angulation ranging from 0° to 60°. The materials in the current study were assumed to be homogenous, linearly elastic, and isotropic. Force of 100âN was applied to the central node on the top surface of the abutments to simulate the occlusal force. To simulate axial and oblique loading, the angle of loading was 0°, 15°, and 20° to the long axis of implant, respectively. There was the strong resemblance between the response curves for simplified patient-specific models and simplified models. Response curves under oblique loading were similar in both models. With abutments angulation increased, maximum von Mises stress firstly decreased to minimum point and then gradually increased to higher level. From a biomechanical point of view, favorable peri-implant stress levels could be induced by angled abutments under oblique loading if suitable angulation of abutments was selected
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