18 research outputs found
The early development of self-injurious behaviour: evaluating the role of social reinforcement
Background: The potential role of social reinforcement in the development of selfâinjury has not yet been subjected to empirical analysis. In this 2âyear prospective study, the pattern of social interactions related to the early presentation of selfâinjury were examined to identify a potential association with an increase in selfâinjury.
Methods: The selfâinjurious behaviour and social contact with adults of 16 children with intellectual disability (ID) with selfâinjury of recent onset were observed at 3âmonth intervals over 2âyears.
Results: Increase in selfâinjury over a 2âyear period was positively correlated with a distribution of social contact relative to episodes of selfâinjury that is consistent with a mutual social reinforcement paradigm. When this paradigm was operative, selfâinjury was evoked under stable antecedent conditions over time but tended to evoke increasing levels of social interaction.
Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that increases in the frequency of early selfâinjury in children with ID may be determined by social reinforcement with implications for early intervention and proactive identification of children at risk for increases in selfâinjury
A souvenir of the fifty-sixth Imperial Council session: A
Gift of Dr. Mary Jane Esplen.Piano vocal [instrumentation]Up on the hill there's a temple [first line]Shrine daddy, shrine daddy, sunshine and joy for each girl and boy [first line of chorus]C [key]Moderato [tempo]Popular song [form/genre]Shell Company logo [illustration]With the compliments of the Shell Company of Canada, Ltd. [note]No publisher's advertisement [note