5,839 research outputs found
Long- and short-time asymptotics of the first-passage time of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and other mean-reverting processes
The first-passage problem of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to a boundary is
a long-standing problem with no known closed-form solution except in specific
cases. Taking this as a starting-point, and extending to a general
mean-reverting process, we investigate the long- and short-time asymptotics
using a combination of Hopf-Cole and Laplace transform techniques. As a result
we are able to give a single formula that is correct in both limits, as well as
being exact in certain special cases. We demonstrate the results using a
variety of other models
One-Dimensional Directed Sandpile Models and the Area under a Brownian Curve
We derive the steady state properties of a general directed ``sandpile''
model in one dimension. Using a central limit theorem for dependent random
variables we find the precise conditions for the model to belong to the
universality class of the Totally Asymmetric Oslo model, thereby identifying a
large universality class of directed sandpiles. We map the avalanche size to
the area under a Brownian curve with an absorbing boundary at the origin,
motivating us to solve this Brownian curve problem. Thus, we are able to
determine the moment generating function for the avalanche-size probability in
this universality class, explicitly calculating amplitudes of the leading order
terms.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
Analytical approximation to the multidimensional Fokker--Planck equation with steady state
The Fokker--Planck equation is a key ingredient of many models in physics,
and related subjects, and arises in a diverse array of settings. Analytical
solutions are limited to special cases, and resorting to numerical simulation
is often the only route available; in high dimensions, or for parametric
studies, this can become unwieldy. Using asymptotic techniques, that draw upon
the known Ornstein--Uhlenbeck (OU) case, we consider a mean-reverting system
and obtain its representation as a product of terms, representing short-term,
long-term, and medium-term behaviour. A further reduction yields a simple
explicit formula, both intuitive in terms of its physical origin and fast to
evaluate. We illustrate a breadth of cases, some of which are `far' from the OU
model, such as double-well potentials, and even then, perhaps surprisingly, the
approximation still gives very good results when compared with numerical
simulations. Both one- and two-dimensional examples are considered.Comment: Updated version as publishe
Concentration of white blood cells from whole blood by dual centrifugo-pneumatic siphoning with density gradient medium
Due to the pervasiveness of HIV infections in developing countries there exists a need for a low-cost, user-friendly point-of-care device which can be used to monitor the concentration of T-lymphocytes in the patientâs blood expressing the CD4+ epitope. As a first step towards developing a microfluidic âlab-on-a-discâ platform with this aim we present the concentration of white blood cells from whole blood using a density medium in conjunction with centrifugo-pneumatic siphon valves [1]. Two such valves are actuated simultaneously, removing the bulk of plasma through the upper valve and the bulk of WBCs through the lower valve while leaving the vast majority of red blood cells in the centrifugal chamber
An exactly solvable self-convolutive recurrence
We consider a self-convolutive recurrence whose solution is the sequence of
coefficients in the asymptotic expansion of the logarithmic derivative of the
confluent hypergeometic function . By application of the Hilbert
transform we convert this expression into an explicit, non-recursive solution
in which the th coefficient is expressed as the th moment of a
measure, and also as the trace of the th iterate of a linear operator.
Applications of these sequences, and hence of the explicit solution provided,
are found in quantum field theory as the number of Feynman diagrams of a
certain type and order, in Brownian motion theory, and in combinatorics
Distribution of the time at which the deviation of a Brownian motion is maximum before its first-passage time
We calculate analytically the probability density of the time
at which a continuous-time Brownian motion (with and without drift) attains its
maximum before passing through the origin for the first time. We also compute
the joint probability density of the maximum and . In the
driftless case, we find that has power-law tails: for large and for small . In
presence of a drift towards the origin, decays exponentially for large
. The results from numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with
our analytical predictions.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics:
Theory and Experiment (J. Stat. Mech. (2007) P10008,
doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2007/10/P10008
The effect of free-stream turbulence on heat transfer to a strongly accelerated turbulent boundary layer
Free-stream turbulence effects on heat transfer to strongly accelerated turbulent boundary laye
Area distribution and the average shape of a L\'evy bridge
We consider a one dimensional L\'evy bridge x_B of length n and index 0 <
\alpha < 2, i.e. a L\'evy random walk constrained to start and end at the
origin after n time steps, x_B(0) = x_B(n)=0. We compute the distribution
P_B(A,n) of the area A = \sum_{m=1}^n x_B(m) under such a L\'evy bridge and
show that, for large n, it has the scaling form P_B(A,n) \sim n^{-1-1/\alpha}
F_\alpha(A/n^{1+1/\alpha}), with the asymptotic behavior F_\alpha(Y) \sim
Y^{-2(1+\alpha)} for large Y. For \alpha=1, we obtain an explicit expression of
F_1(Y) in terms of elementary functions. We also compute the average profile <
\tilde x_B (m) > at time m of a L\'evy bridge with fixed area A. For large n
and large m and A, one finds the scaling form = n^{1/\alpha}
H_\alpha({m}/{n},{A}/{n^{1+1/\alpha}}), where at variance with Brownian bridge,
H_\alpha(X,Y) is a non trivial function of the rescaled time m/n and rescaled
area Y = A/n^{1+1/\alpha}. Our analytical results are verified by numerical
simulations.Comment: 21 pages, 4 Figure
Associations between the K232A polymorphism in the diacylglycerol-O-transferase 1 (DGAT1) gene and performance in Irish Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle
peer-reviewedSelection based on genetic polymorphisms requires accurate quantification of the
effect or association of the polymorphisms with all traits of economic importance.
The objective of this study was to estimate, using progeny performance data on 848
Holstein-Friesian bulls, the association between a non-conservative alanine to lysine
amino acid change (K232A) in exon 8 of the diacylglycerol-O-transferase 1 (DGAT1)
gene and milk production and functionality in the Irish Holstein-Friesian population.
The DGAT1 gene encodes the diacylglycerol-O-transferase microsomal enzyme
necessary to catalyze the final step in triglyceride synthesis. Weighted mixed model
methodology, accounting for the additive genetic relationships among animals, was
used to evaluate the association between performance and the K232A polymorphism.
The minor allele frequency (K allele) was 0.32. One copy of the K allele was associated
(P < 0.001) with 77 kg less milk yield, 4.22 kg more fat yield, 0.99 kg less protein
yield, and 1.30 and 0.28 g/kg greater milk fat and protein concentration, respectively;
all traits were based on predicted 305-day production across the first five lactations.
The K232A polymorphism explained 4.8%, 10.3% and 1.0% of the genetic variance in
milk yield, fat yield and protein yield, respectively. There was no association between
the K232A polymorphism and fertility, functional survival, calving performance,
carcass traits, or any conformation trait with the exception of rump width and carcass
conformation. Using the current economic values for the milk production traits
in the Irish total merit index, one copy of the K allele is worth âŹ5.43 in expected
profitability of progeny. Results from this study will be useful in quantifying the
cost-benefit of including the K232A polymorphism in the Irish national breeding programme
THE SPANNING SET AS A MEASURE OF MOVEMENT VARIABILITY
The variability of an individualâs movement pattern is an increasingly important focus of research in sport and exercise biomechanics. Inter-trial variability of a single variable is typically assessed using mean deviation or coefficient of variation, however, recent alternatives to these have been proposed such as the spanning set technique. This paper presents an investigation into the validity of the spanning set measure. Variability scores using the spanning set were compared against more traditional measures of variability (mean deviation, coefficient of variation and variance ratio). Results indicate that the spanning set is biased towards early-phase variability and may inaccurately describe the overall level of movement variability
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