Unsafe and Harassed in Public Spaces: A National Street Harassment Report

From "hey baby" to "stupid fag," from flashing to groping, sexual harassment in public spaces, or "street harassment," is a problem many people experience, some with profound consequences. Since 2008, Stop Street Harassment (SSH) has collected thousands of street harassment stories. This groundbreaking study confirms what the stories suggest: Across all age, races, income levels, sexual orientations, and geographic locations, most women in the United States experience street harassment. Some men, especially men who identify as gay, bisexual, queer, or transgender, do as well.This report presents the findings of a 2,000-person, nationally representative survey (approximately 1,000 women and 1,000 men, ages 18 and up). GfK, a top surveying firm, conducted the Internet-based survey in February and March 2014. Additionally, SSH conducted 10 focus groups across the nation from August 2012 to March 2014.Street harassment is a human rights violation and a form of gender violence. It causes many harassed persons, especially women, to feel less safe in public places and limit their time there. It can also cause people emotional and psychological harm. Everyone deserves to be safe and free from harassment as they go about their day

The Covariance Structure of Earnings and Income, Compensatory Behavior and On-the-Job Investments

Observationally alike individuals who make different choices about on-the-job investments should have earnings profiles that differ in systematic ways. In particular, investments in non-specific human capital should result in lower initial earnings but higher earnings growth rates. Human capital models of this sort admit testing, then, by examining the covariance between the level of earnings and the growth rate of earnings. This paper reports estimates of this covariance using the sample covariance among income observations across time for the same individuals. The sample covariances are drawn from the Utah Panel Data, a panel of some 16,000 households with income and wealth observations at various intervals over the period from 1850 to 1900. The parameter of interest is negative. This estimate is robust to various specifications of the model. I also reexamine earlier work by Lillard and Weiss and Hause, who use data on earnings, and conclude that there is strong support for the on-the-job investment hypothesis using data from thre equite different sources covering different economies and different time periods.

Unobservable Family and Individual Contributions to the Distributions ofIncome and Wealth

This paper uses a data set composed of combinations of full brothers, half brothers as well as fathers and sons to measure the effect of common family background on households'income and wealth. While the data is drawn from a nineteenth century population, the intra-class correlation (after the effects of age, occupation, nativity, residence and duration in the economy have been removed) for income ranges from .13 to .18 which is similar to that found in modern samples. Intra-class correlations for wealth are significantly higher (.18 to .35) than those for income. The addition of fathers' observed characteristics to the sweeping regressions reduces the unobserved common background effect shared by brothers by about twenty percent.The intra-class correlations of half brothers were lower than those observed for full brothers though the small differences between the two groups suggest that fathers played a dominant role in the transmission of the common family effect. Unobserved background was decomposed into individual and family effects by a variance components procedure. The individual effect was dominant for income while the family effect was dominant for wealth.

Intergenerational Effects of the Distribution of Income and Wealth: The Utah Experience, 1850-1900

The relationship between the wealth or income of parents and children is an important economic issue in both positive and normative senses. In this paper, we estimate elasticities of sons' income or wealth with respect to the wealth of their fathers for a sample of households in nineteenth century Utah. We find the elasticity relating the wealth of fathers to sons to range from .10 to .34 depending on the variables held constant such as occupation, age and residence. Elasticities based on observation of the wealth of fathers and sons in the same year were higher than those based on a lagged value of the fathers' wealth. The death of the father prior to observation of the sons' wealth increased the elasticity about three fold. The elasticity between the income of sons and wealth of fathers was low (.09 to .21) but significant even though the sons' incomes were observed fifteen years after the wealth of fathers. In general, the data suggest a persistent relationship between the economic status of parents and their children with substantial regression toward the mean so that an economic elite was unlikely to be based upon intergenerational transmission of economic success.

Wealth Mobility: The Missing Element

We consider the problems that may arise when cross sectional data alone are used for inferences about individual welfare, the existence of elites, the possibilities of class boundaries, the openness of a society, etc. We also consider problems with alternative measures of socio-economic position. We then use a sample of 2400 households observed over one or two decade intervals together with data on the population of households at each observation point to examine mobility within the distribution of wealth for an almost closed economy, Utah, 1850-1870. We use information on households to examine those characteristics that contribute to mobility. We find considerable mobility, much apparently stochastic, within quite highly skewed distributions of wealth that also exhibit increasing inequality through time.

Educational Life in the Interregnum: Race, Dis/ability, and Special Education

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of special education policy through the juxtaposition of two recent Supreme Court actions: Allston v. Lower Merion School District (2015) and Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District (2017). This comparison reveals an ordering of special education policy around questions of race. Specifically, this article argues that special education policy is governed by a racecraft of disability labeling that defines students of color as variously disabled and through a biopolitics of special education that expands disability services for individual students who are within the truth demarcated by scientific-juridical mediations of life. Against such negative inflections of life, this article concludes by turning to John Dewey’s educational and democratic thinking to posit an affirmation of educational life that counters the morbid symptoms that presently define education’s interregnum

A Study of Utah’s New Century Scholarship (NCS) Program

This was a study about the New Century Scholarship (NCS) program offered to Utah high school students at commencement for earning an AA degree by the time of high school graduation. The scholarship paid 75% of the remaining 2 years of tuition over a 5-year period. The goal of the program was to assist students to bachelor degree completion faster than the traditional time. This program has been in Utah for the past 20 years, but little to no information about the program exists. Annually, the cost to taxpayers is approximately $2 million dollars. This study was conducted to determine if the NCS expedites bachelor degree completion and if so for whom, and what variables on the career pathway assisted toward quicker completion. The Utah System of Higher Education emailed and mailed 613 surveys to graduates from the three cohort groups of high school graduates earning the NCS from 2004-2006. The response rate was 56%. This response rate was high enough to generalize results. Descriptive data, statistical analysis, and multiple-regression tests were run on the data. Perhaps, the most significant discovery was the fact that the NCS does expedite bachelor degree completion for both males and females with time to completion of 3.57 years on average. The significant variables in this study were: gender, choice of college major, and college selection. Females did complete their degree earlier than males by half a year and females tended to major in art, social science, and education, while males were more likely to major in business and STEM. Students could also graduate at least 1 year earlier depending on the college or university they selected to attend. Another very important finding was the rate of completion with a bachelor degree. Eighty-three percent of the recipients who responded to the survey had completed their bachelor’s degree. For this group of respondents, the matriculation rate from high school graduation to college was 100%. Using multiple-regressions analysis, several additional variables were identified that expedited bachelor degree completion for these scholarship recipients. These variables were attending school full time, enrolling in and attending only one college, and the acceptance of the AA courses the student had completed by the college toward their bachelor degree. Variables such as quality of counseling, GPA, finances, and other life circumstances, with the exception of religious service were not significant in this study. The workforce of the future will need to have more education than ever. In order to meet these demands Utah has a goal of 66% of the adult population ages 20-64 earning a postsecondary certificate or degree by 2020. The NCS program was successful in expediting graduation and the NCS recipients had a higher than average college graduation rate. It is one way Utah and perhaps other states can help students to gain faster access to a degree in higher education

Chronic Pain Management: Local Resources and Education

Many patients with chronic pain are not aware of many treatment options and local resources available to them. Local providers know these resources, but often are not able to convey such vital information to patients due to time constraints. Educational handouts are often provided to patients allowing them to take time outside the clinical encounter to explore other options and resources.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1184/thumbnail.jp