Evolution and function of the Chinese carved horse hitching stone post

This article focuses on a typical artefact in Mainland China: carved stone horse hitching posts and their distribution, history, types, and cultural meaning. It tries to interpret their evolution and the relationship between their functional and social change. This type of post was made exclusively for tying horses, from the Han Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty (approximately 1st-13th century CE). Initially, posts were a practical tool used for simply tying horses, with no added symbolism. Later, the stone posts were carved with many decorative patterns. In the 1980’s, tens of thousands of stone posts were rediscovered next to gates of rural residential houses and seldom in cities. Both archaeologists and artists try to organize this sequence and interpret the symbolism. Patterns used on the posts, originating from fairy tales, religion and life, have different meanings. Nowadays because of the beautiful patterns and implied meaning, the posts were transported to cities and collected by museums, universities, parks and artefact shops. A collection of stone posts was put together and merged into the roadside landscape. The posts are treated as an antiquity and as a symbol of culture, art and taste. The function and symbolism of Chinese carved stone hitching post changed with the development of agriculture and transportation. Some of its original functions vanished, and the value changed from a practical implement to a standard of wealth, good taste and culture

Optimization problems for general simple population with n-impulsive harvest

AbstractIn this paper, n-impulsive harvest problems of general simple population are discussed by models with Dirac function. The optimal impulsive harvest policies to protect the renewable resource better are obtained under conditions of fixed quantity per impulsive harvest. Then, a concept of the sequence for Ϝ-optimal harvest moments for general simple population is presented which is beneficial to protect resource better and sustainable development. Finally, we apply the conclusions to some special models

Processing techniques of point cloud data on small-sized objects with complex free-form surface

The scattered point cloud data, which comes from such small-sized objects with complex free-form surface as shelled shrimp, is processed as error points removing, points filtering, holes filling, clouds segmenting, etc. using CATIA V5 R20. The principle of data processing and skills utilized in the operation mentioned above apply also to the small-sized objects similar to the shelled shrimp in reverse engineering in other fields, such as optical components, irregular parts, ears, nose, etc