1,015 research outputs found
Residue theorem and summing over Kaluza-Klein excitations
Applying the equations of motion together with corresponding boundary
conditions of bulk profiles at infrared and ultraviolet branes, we verify some
lemmas on the eigenvalues of Kaluze-Klein modes in framework of warped extra
dimension with the custodial symmetry . Using the lemmas and performing properly
analytic extensions of bulk profiles, we present the sufficient condition for a
convergent series of Kaluze-Klein excitations and sum over the series through
the residue theorem. The method can also be applied to sum over the infinite
series of Kaluze-Klein excitations in unified extra dimension. Additional, we
analyze the possible connection between the propagators in five dimensional
full theory and the product of bulk profiles with corresponding propagators of
exciting Kaluze-Klein modes in four dimensional effective theory, and recover
some relations presented in literature for warped and unified extra dimensions
respectively. As an example, we demonstrate that the corrections from neutral
Higgs to the Wilson coefficients of relevant operators for contain the suppression factor comparing
with that from other sectors, thus can be neglected safely.Comment: 44 pages, no figur
Complexity of Government response to Covid-19 pandemic: A perspective of coupled dynamics on information heterogeneity and epidemic outbreak
This study aims at modeling the universal failure in preventing the outbreak
of COVID-19 via real-world data from the perspective of complexity and network
science. Through formalizing information heterogeneity and government
intervention in the coupled dynamics of epidemic and infodemic spreading;
first, we find that information heterogeneity and its induced variation in
human responses significantly increase the complexity of the government
intervention decision. The complexity results in a dilemma between the socially
optimal intervention that is risky for the government and the privately optimal
intervention that is safer for the government but harmful to the social
welfare. Second, via counterfactual analysis against the COVID-19 crisis in
Wuhan, 2020, we find that the intervention dilemma becomes even worse if the
initial decision time and the decision horizon vary. In the short horizon, both
socially and privately optimal interventions agree with each other and require
blocking the spread of all COVID-19-related information, leading to a
negligible infection ratio 30 days after the initial reporting time. However,
if the time horizon is prolonged to 180 days, only the privately optimal
intervention requires information blocking, which would induce a
catastrophically higher infection ratio than that in the counter-factual world
where the socially optimal intervention encourages early-stage information
spread. These findings contribute to the literature by revealing the complexity
incurred by the coupled infodemic-epidemic dynamics and information
heterogeneity to the governmental intervention decision, which also sheds
insight into the design of an effective early warning system against the
epidemic crisis in the future.Comment: This version contains the full-resolution figures for the paper DOI:
10.1007/s11071-023-08427-
Downregulation of the Adenosine A2b Receptor by RNA Interference Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth
To investigate the biological effect of adenosine A2b receptor (A2bR) on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, three A2bR siRNA constructs were transiently transfected into HepG2 cells. The results showed that A2bR siRNA reduced the levels of A2bR mRNA and protein. In order to further detect the function of A2bR, we established a stable hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) expressing siRNA targeting the adenosine A2b receptor. Targeted RNAi significantly inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro, and flow cytometry (FCM) showed that significantly more cells expressing A2bR siRNA were in the G0/G1 phase compared to the untransfected group ((89.56% ± 3.15%) versus (56.19% ± 1.58%), P < 0.01). These results indicated that silencing the expression of adenosine A2b receptor in HepG2 cells can suppress cell growth effectively by blocking the cell cycle. Downregulation of adenosine A2b receptor gene expression with RNA interference could be a new approach to hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Branching fractions of and their implications
The exotic states with the quark flavor of
are recently observed in the mass spectrum of in by
the LHCb collaboration. To explore the nature of , except for
analyzing their masses and decay widths as usually did in literatures, the
study of their production mechanism in -meson weak decays would provide
another important information. The amplitude of is
non-factorizable. We consider the final-state-interaction effects and calculate
them via the rescattering mechanism. The measured branching fractions of
are revealed. It is manifested by and that the
rescattering mechanism can result in the relatively large branching fractions.
The similar processes of are also analyzed. The isospins
of can be investigated by decays.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Version published in EPJC. Additional
contributions are added in in Fig.8. Numerical results of
the isospin-partner processes are changed by a factor of 2 in Eqs.(12) and
(13
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TCF1 and LEF1 Control Treg Competitive Survival and Tfr Development to Prevent Autoimmune Diseases.
CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are key players in preventing lethal autoimmunity. Tregs undertake differentiation processes and acquire diverse functional properties. However, how Treg's differentiation and functional specification are regulated remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that gradient expression of TCF1 and LEF1 distinguishes Tregs into three distinct subpopulations, particularly highlighting a subset of activated Treg (aTreg) cells. Treg-specific ablation of TCF1 and LEF1 renders the mice susceptible to systemic autoimmunity. TCF1 and LEF1 are dispensable for Treg's suppressive capacity but essential for maintaining a normal aTreg pool and promoting Treg's competitive survival. As a consequence, the development of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, which are a subset of aTreg, is abolished in TCF1/LEF1-conditional knockout mice, leading to unrestrained T follicular helper (Tfh) and germinal center B cell responses. Thus, TCF1 and LEF1 act redundantly to control the maintenance and functional specification of Treg subsets to prevent autoimmunity
Polyarylether-based 2D covalent-organic frameworks with in-plane D–A structures and tunable energy levels for energy storage
The robust fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a novel type of semi-conductive COFs for optoelectronic and energy devices due to their controllable architectures and easily tunable the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. However, the carrier mobility of such materials is still beyond requirements due to limited π-conjugation. In this study, a series of new polyarylether-based COFs are rationally synthesized via a direct reaction between hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (electron acceptor) and octahydroxyphthalocyanine (electron donor). These COFs have typical crystalline layered structures, narrow band gaps as low as ≈0.65 eV and ultra-low resistance (1.31 × 10−6 S cm−1). Such COFs can be composed of two different metal-sites and contribute improved carrier mobility via layer-altered staking mode according to density functional theory calculation. Due to the narrow pore size of 1.4 nm and promising conductivity, such COFs and electrochemically exfoliated graphene based free-standing films are fabricated for in-plane micro-supercapacitors, which demonstrate excellent volumetric capacitances (28.1 F cm−3) and excellent stability of 10 000 charge–discharge cycling in acidic electrolyte. This study provides a new approach toward dioxin-linked COFs with donor-acceptor structure and easily tunable energy levels for versatile energy storage and optoelectronic device
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