Study on musical pieces and their correlation in St. Matthew Passion composed by Johann Sebastian Bach

この小文では、ヨーハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ（以下、バッハ）が作曲したマタイ受難曲（BWV 244）に焦点を当てる。バッハの生涯や受難曲の変遷について触れた後、マタイ受難曲を構成するアリア（旋律的独唱）、レチタティーヴォ（朗誦）、合唱やコラール（讃美歌）など、各々の楽曲について分析を行う。その上で旧約聖書の雅歌とマタイ受難曲との関係や、各楽曲の相互関係について考察する。This note gives a survey of scientific renaissance in Europe such is very close to sprit of measure. It is just a starting point for Scientific Revolution in 17's century.departmental bulletin pape

Electrooptic Observation of the Goldstone and Soft Modes near the SmA-SmC_A^* Phase Transition

In order to investigate the details of the molecular fluctuation behavior around the SmA-SmC_A^* phase transition point, we have carried out electrooptic measurements in 4-(1-trifluoromethvlheptyloxy-carbonyl) phenyl-4\u27-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate, which undergoes a phase transition directly from SmA to SmC_A^*, as functions of temperature and frequency. The relaxation due to the Goldstone mode was clearly observed in the SmC_A^* phase. We found that the optical signal due to the Goldstone mode vanishes at a certain temperature in the antiferroelectric SmC_A^* phase. The helix distortion due to the antiferroelectric Goldstone mode excited by an electric field is discussed

Decreases in the Serum VLDL-TG/Non-VLDL-TG Ratio from Early Stages of Chronic Hepatitis C: Alterations in TG-Rich Lipoprotein Levels

BACKGROUND: The liver secretes very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and plays a key role in lipid metabolism. Plasma total triglyceride (TG) level variations have been studied in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic hepatitis (CH-C). However, the results of these studies are variable. A homogenous assay protocol was recently proposed to directly measure the TG content in VLDL (VLDL-TG) and VLDL remnants. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using the assay protocol, we determined serum VLDL-TG levels in 69 fasting patients with biopsy-proven HCV-related chronic liver disease and 50 healthy subjects. Patients were classified into stages F0-F4 using the 5-point Desmet scale. Serum total TG levels in patients with non-cirrhotic (F1-F3) CH-C did not demonstrate significant differences compared with healthy subjects, but serum VLDL-TG levels did demonstrate significant differences. Mean serum VLDL-TG levels tended to decrease with disease progression from F1 to F4 (cirrhosis). Compared with healthy subjects, serum non-VLDL-TG levels significantly increased in patients with stages F2 and F3 CH-C; however, we observed no significant difference in patients with liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, the serum VLDL-TG/non-VLDL-TG ratio, when taken, demonstrated a significant decrease in patients with CH-C from the mildest stage F1 onward. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The decrease in serum VLDL-TG levels was attenuated by increase in non-VLDL-TG levels in patients with non-cirrhotic CH-C, resulting in comparable total TG levels. Results of previous studies though variable, were confirmed to have a logical basis. The decrease in the serum VLDL-TG/non-VLDL-TG ratio as early as stage F1 demonstrated TG metabolic alterations in early stages of CH-C for the first time. The involvement of TG metabolism in CH-C pathogenesis has been established in experimental animals, while conventional TG measurements are generally considered as poor indicators of CH-C progression in clinical practice. The serum VLDL-TG/non-VLDL-TG ratio, which focuses on TG metabolic alterations, may be an early indicator of CH-C

Reversible Deformation of Smectic Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。研究会報告液晶エラストマーはポリマーネットワークの力学的性質と液晶相の異方性を併せ持つ新しいソフト固体として注目されており、応力場により配向制御ができるという特徴を持つ。その配向状態は架橋により記憶されるため、例えば、ネマチックエラストマーの場合、等方相⇔ネマチック相転移において可逆的・自発的な伸縮が観測される。いままで主に検討されてきたネマチックやSmAエラストマーの局所的な配向は円筒対称であり、一軸配向によりモノドメイン試料を得ることができた。しかし二軸性であるSmCエラストマーの場合、単純な一軸配向ではモノドメインを得ることはできない。ここでは、せん断応力印加架橋によるダイレクターとスメクチック層の両方が配向したモノドメインSmCエラストマーの合成について述べ、その相転移を伴う昇降温過程における可逆的な形状変化について報告するとともに、記憶形状のメカニズムについて議論する

Convergence proof of matrix dynamics for online linear discriminant analysis

In this paper, we analyze matrix dynamics for online linear discriminant analysis (online LDA). Convergence of the dynamics have been studied for nonsingular cases; our main contribution is an analysis of singular cases, that is a key for efficient calculation without full-size square matrices. All fixed points of the dynamics are identified and their stability is examined.Online LDA Matrix dynamics Stability

Measurement of electrically induced shear strain in a chiral smectic liquid-crystal elastomer

The mechanical response to electrical stimulation was investigated in a chiral smectic elastomer. The two-dimensional strain tensor in an elastomer film was precisely measured by tracking fluorescent beads dispersed on the film. Shear deformation in the film was clearly observed when an electric field was applied perpendicular to the film surface. The temperature dependence of the strain tensor was also investigated, and the origin of the electric-field-induced shear strain in the chiral smectic-C phase was mainly attributed to the Nambu-Goldstone mode

Optimal Strategy under Unknown Stochastic Environment - Nonparametric Lob-Pass Problem

The bandit problem consists of two factors, one being exploration or the collection of information on the environment and the other being the exploitation or taking benefit by choosing the optimal action in the uncertain environment. It is necessary to choose only the optimal actions for the exploitation, while the exploration or collection of information requires to take a variety of (non-optimal) actions as trials. Hence, in order to obtain the maximal cumulative gain, we need to compromise the exploration and exploitation processes. We treat a situation where our actions change the structure of the environment, of which a simple example is formulated as the lob-pass problem by Abe and Takeuchi. Usually, the environment is specified by a finite number of unknown parameters in the bandit problem, so that the information collection part is to estimate their true values. The present paper treats a more realistic situation of nonparametric estimation of the environment structure which in..