Comparison of Remifentanil and Landiolol on Hemodynamic and Plasma Catecholamine Responses to Tracheal Intubation

The purpose of this study is to compare remifentanil with landiolol to examine the effects of hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation. Sixty patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into three groups, to receive either normal saline( group C), a 1-minute loading infusion of remifentanil 0.5 m g/kg followed by an infusion of remifentanil 0.25/m g/kg/min during the study(group R), or a 1-minute loading infusion of landiolol 0.125 mg/kg followed by an infusion of landiolol0.04 mg/kg/min during the study (group L). After the 1-minute loading infusion of each drug, anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of propofol 2 mg/kg, and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Five minutes after the administration of each drug, tracheal intubation was performed within 30 seconds. Mean arterial pressure remained below the baseline value after tracheal intubation in group R, but not in groups L and C.Heart rate significantly increased after tracheal intubation in group C, but not in groups R and L. Plasma concentration of adrenaline remained below the baseline value after tracheal intubation in all groups, but it was significantly lower in group R, compared with other groups. Plasma concentration of noradrenaline significantlyincreased after tracheal intubation in groups L and C, but not in group R. Bispectral index in group R remained lower than that in groups L and C after tracheal intubation. Remifentanil may be preferableto landiolol to provide cardiovascular stability after tracheal intubation

Measurement of Tissue Stiffness with Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification in Two Cases of Spleen Tumor

We performed non-invasive measurement of tissue stiffness in the spleen for two patients using virtualtouch tissue quantification (VTTQ). Case 1 was an 82-year-old woman with Hodgkin lymphoma. Stiffnessmeasured using VTTQ was lower than normal spleen in tumor areas and higher than normal spleen in nontumorareas. Case 2 was a 66-year-old man with ascites and gastric cancer involving the entire spleen. Stiffnessof the spleen tumor as measured by VTTQ was higher than normal spleen. These cases demonstratedtwo new factors associated with elevated spleen stiffness:compression of healthy spleen tissue by tumorand cancer invasion

土器3D-RGBデータの深層学習クラスター解析による型式・年代分類基準の検証

　専門家によって判断基準や種類分別が異なる恣意性の高い出土土器の「型式」や「年代」等の分類が妥当なものであるかを最新のデータサイエンス・深層学習により検証する一連の手法を提案する。光学スキャナーで土器資料を計測、ひとつひとつの3D形状,色,表面の質感情報である3D-RGBデータを取得し,「ヒトの判断が介在しない」深層学習クラスター解析により導出したクラスターと,「ヒトの判断基準による」専門家の分類ラベルで機械学習・推論した分類グループとの乖離あるいはマッチングを数理的に分析することにより専門家の分類基準の妥当性を検証するという、独創的な解析手法を提案し, 考古・文化財科学分野に新たな革新的領域を開くことを目指したい。　検証の中心となるTensorFlow/Kerasとscikit-learn k-meansによる深層学習クラスター解析モデルを試作, 解析用データとして公開されている3DデータセットであるModelNet10を用い, 導出された深層学習クラスターと分類クラスグループをクラスターマトリックスを用いて検証した。色情報を持たないModelNet10の各分類グループはクラスター解析による導出クラスターに部分的に反映されており,その他のクラスターはヒトがこれまで分類したことのない「未知の分類基準」でクラスター化されていることが確認された。　当研究で構築・解析した深層クラスター解析（疑似ラベル教師あり分類+クラスタリングモデル）では3D形状の認知がヒトと共通するもの, あるいは共通しないものがあることが明らかとなり, （ヒトの基準からみて）未知のクラスターが導出された。この事実からみて多数の土器3D-RGBデータを解析するとこれまでヒトの分類基準では検知できない, 未知のクラスターを検出できる可能性は非常に高いといえる。　今後は古墳時代の須恵器600点前後, 新潟県内の縄文4遺跡の出土縄文土器深鉢4000点をスキャナー計測する予定である。　本研究のような3Dデータに即応した基礎分析技術を確立することができれば、膨大な時間を費やしてきた年代や生産地の決定といった基礎的な資料の位置づけに関わる作業を簡略化し、専任の研究者のみならず、各自治体の埋蔵文化財担当者も含めて、生産論や流通論といった文化財科学および考古学的研究にあたる時間を拡大させることにつながり、地域研究ひいては地域文化の発展に大いに貢献できる可能性を有する

Impact of number of functional teeth on independence of Japanese older adults

Aim To examine the relationship between the number of present and functional teeth at baseline and future incidence of loss of independence. Methods Participants were community-dwelling older individuals who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination conducted in Kusatsu town, Japan, between 2009 and 2015. The primary endpoint was the incidence of loss of independence among participants, defined as the first certification of long-term care insurance in Japan. The numbers of present and functional teeth at baseline were determined via an oral examination. Demographics, clinical variables (e.g., history of chronic diseases and psychosocial factors), blood nutritional markers, physical functions, and perceived masticatory function were assessed. Results This study included 1121 individuals, and 205 individuals suffered from loss of independence during the follow-up period. Kaplan–Meier estimates of loss of independence for participants with smaller numbers of present and functional teeth were significantly greater than for those with larger numbers of teeth. Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated that a smaller number of present teeth was not a significant risk factor after adjusting for demographic characteristics. However, the number of functional teeth was a significant risk factor after the adjustment (hazard ratio: 1.975 [1.168–3.340]). Additionally, higher hazard ratios were observed in other adjusted models, but they were not statistically significant. Conclusions The number of functional teeth may be more closely related to the future incidence of loss of independence than the number of present teeth. This novel finding suggests that prosthodontic rehabilitation for tooth loss possibly prevents the future incidence of this life-event

統計的画像処理と機械学習による文化財のデジタル画像復元

　文化財は紫外線・赤外線等の照射エネルギー、温湿度の変化に由来した有機質素材の変質、作品表面への埃等異質物の沈着等さまざまな原因で褪色（経年劣化）する。それは、作品表層のオリジナルの着色・染色部分と肉眼との間に夾雑物が介在し可視領域が物理的に遮断されるためである。それをクリーニングすることが修理であるが、文化財に負荷をかけるだけでなく莫大なコストがかかる。このため褪色した文化財の大半は、調査研究や展示公開、修理されることなく収蔵庫内に死蔵されてきた。本発表では、実物作品に負荷をかけずに褪色前の復元画像を生成する方法を提案する。それは、①文化財画像を対象に無相関ストレッチによって色空間（カラープロファイル）を変更し、褪色した文化財のモチーフを鮮明化する。②色空間が変更された画像と褪色が進んでいない類似作品の画像を相互に真偽判定させる機械学習（CycleGAN）を通して、褪色前の文化財の復元画像を生成する。という２つの要素技術で構成される。　デジタル画像は、各ピクセルごとに光の３原色（RGB）の強さを数値化したもので表され、その光信号の強さは互いに相関性を持つ。これに、主成分分析と同じ理論に基づく統計的画像処理である無相関ストレッチによって画像解析することでモチーフを鮮明化する。しかし、色空間を人為的に変換するため、オリジナルの文化財の色彩情報も同時に変換され、文化財が持つ固有の美術的、資料的価値が失われてしまう。そこで、「教師無し学習」である機械学習によって変換前と変換後の色空間を一致させ、文化財の推定復元画像を生成することが可能になる。　この方法を検証するため、14万件の文化財情報と9万枚の画像を登録するColBase（国立文化財機構所蔵品統合検索システム）から、対象作品画像の収集と無相関ストレッチ解析を自動化するプログラムを開発し、紺紙金字経について実践した。それを踏まえた方法論的な課題と将来展望を紹介する

省庁所管学校の研究

日本教育社会学会第42回大会, 1990年10月(香川大学), Ⅲ-5部会 高等教育(2

A prospective compound screening contest identified broader inhibitors for Sirtuin 1

Potential inhibitors of a target biomolecule, NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1, were identified by a contest-based approach, in which participants were asked to propose a prioritized list of 400 compounds from a designated compound library containing 2.5 million compounds using in silico methods and scoring. Our aim was to identify target enzyme inhibitors and to benchmark computer-aided drug discovery methods under the same experimental conditions. Collecting compound lists derived from various methods is advantageous for aggregating compounds with structurally diversified properties compared with the use of a single method. The inhibitory action on Sirtuin 1 of approximately half of the proposed compounds was experimentally accessed. Ultimately, seven structurally diverse compounds were identified

Reliability and validity of the patient disability-oriented diagnostic nomenclature system for prosthetic dentistry

Purpose: The Japan Prosthodontic Society (JPS) has proposed a new diagnostic nomenclature system (DNS), based on pathogenesis and etiology, to facilitate and improve prosthodontic treatment. This systemspecifies patient disability and the causative factor (i.e. ‘‘B (disability) caused by A (causative factor)’’). The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of this DNS. Study selection: The JPS Clinical Guideline Committee assessed mock patient charts and formulated disease names using the new DNS. Fifty validators, comprising prosthodontic specialists and dental residents, made diagnoses using the same patient charts. Reliability was evaluated as the consistency of the disease names among the validators, and validity was evaluated using the concordance rate of the disease names with the reference disease names. Results: Krippendorff’s α was 0.378 among all validators, 0.370 among prosthodontic specialists, and 0.401 among dental hospital residents. Krippendorff’s α for 10 validators (3 specialists and 7 residents) with higher concordance rates was 0.524. Two validators (1 specialist and 1 resident) with the highest concordance rates had a Krippendorff’s α of 0.648. Common disease names had higher concordance rates, while uncommon disease names showed lower concordance rates. These rates did not show correlation with clinical experience of the validator or time taken to devise the disease name. Conclusions: High reliability was not found among all validators; however, validators with higher concordance rates showed better reliability. Furthermore, common disease names had higher concordance rates. These findings indicate that the new DNS for prosthodontic dentistry exhibits clinically acceptable reliability and validity

Pathophysiological Investigation of the Gastric Surface Mucous Gel Layer of Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection by Using Immunoassays for Trefoil Factor Family 2 and Gastric Gland Mucous Cell-Type Mucin in Gastric Juice

Background The trefoil factor family (TFF) 2 protein is produced by gastric gland mucous cells (GMCs), and the secreted TFF2 shares a mucosal barrier function with GMC-type mucin. Recently, we presented an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for measurement of GMC-type mucin in the gastric juice. Aims We aimed to develop an ELISA for TFF2 and to assess pathophysiological changes in the gastric surface mucous gel layer (SMGL) of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods The distribution of TFF2 and GMC-type mucin in the SMGL was immunohistochemically determined. The ELISA for TFF2 was based on a polyclonal goat antibody. Recombinant TFF2 was employed to prepare the calibrators. TFF2 and GMC-type mucin in the gastric juice in healthy individuals (n = 33) and patients with gastritis (n = 37), gastric ulcer (n = 16), and duodenal ulcer (n = 10) were assayed using ELISA. Results TFF2 and GMC-type mucin were immunohistochemically co-localized in the gastric SMGL and GMCs. The TFF2 levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy individuals. Further, the TFF2 levels in the H. pylori-positive patients were significantly higher than those in the H. pylori-negative patients, and decreased after the eradication of the infection. GMC-type mucin levels showed a tendency similar to that of TFF2 levels. Conclusions The upregulation of TFF2 and GMC-type mucin secretion may reflect the response of the gastric mucosa to H. pylori-induced injuries. TFF2 and GMC-type mucin secreted into the SMGL may protect the gastric mucosa against H. pylori.ArticleDIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES. 56(12):3498-3506 (2011)journal articl