Infection of human CD4+ rabbit cells with HIV-1 the possibility of the rabbit as a model for HIV-1 infection

Although human T cell surface glycoprotein CD4 is the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), the introduction of the human CD4 gene into murine cells does not render them susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Here we have established rabbit transfectant cell lines expressing human CD4 on the cell surface and demonstrated that the CD4+ rabbit transfectants could be readily infected by HIV-1 by co-cultivating with a HIV-1-infected human MOLT-4 T cell line (MOLT-4/HIV). Avid syncytia formation was observed upon co-cultivation and the syncytia abundantly produced HIV-1 mature particles, as revealed by electron microscopy. A significant increase of HIV-1 p24 antigen was also detected in the culture supernatant. The syncytia formation was blocked by pretreating the transfectant with anti-human CD4 or by pretreating the MOLT-4/HIV with anti-HIV-1 serum obtained from an infected individual, indicating that the syncytia formed as a result of the interaction of human CD4 on the rabbit transfectant with the HIV-1 envelope protein expressed on MOLT-4/HIV. In contrast, only a very small proportion of the rabbit transfectants expressed HIV-1-specific antigens upon infection with an HIV-1 stock. This may indicate that, although rabbit cells have partially acquired susceptibility to HIV-1 by transfection of human CD4 gene, rabbit cells may further require such a molecule as might be provided by MOLT-4 to become fully susceptible to HIV-1 infection. The possibility of the rabbit as a model for HIV-1 infection is also discusse

指導者行動の認知と能力の認知が対人関係ならびにスポーツ活動からの離脱に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceived coach\u27s coaching behaviors and perceived ability on interpersonal relations and withdrawal from sport activity. The subjects were 200 junior high school students and 215 senior high school students participating in school athletic clubs. All the subjects completed questionnaires assessing perception of coach\u27s coaching behaviors, perception of ability, interpersonal affects, and anticipation of withdrawal from sport activity. Then a path analysis was applied to the data. The main findings were as follows: 1) Interpersonal relations were influenced by perception of coach\u27s considerate behavior and perception of ability. 2) Sport transfer was influenced by affect about team mates and perception of coach\u27s competitive behavior in the senior high school group. And it was influenced by affect about coach in the junior high school group. 3) Sport dropout was influenced by perception of ability