Evaluation of jet engine operation parameters using conventional and alternative jet fuels

Jet engine operation parameters using conventional and alternative jet fuels, obtained by blending with plant oil bio-additives, during bench tests were evaluated. Jet fuels were tested and compared in conditions of engine operation. It was determined that using alternative jet fuels improves jet engine thrust characteristics and reduces fuel flow. These provide more energy efficient operation of jet engine. Using alternative jet fuels results in reduction of gas temperature in the jet pipe. This contributes to durability of materials and structure of the engine against high temperature, as well as reducing of NOx emissions. The results of the study show that operational parameters of the jet engine powered with new alternative jet fuels completely satisfy exploitation norms set in specification for tested engine. Alternative jet fuels, proposed in the study, may be used as a working body of the jet engine without a need of making changes in its design

Comparative characteristics of low-temperature properties of jet fuels modified with bio-additives

International Automotive Conference (KONMOT2018)The work is devoted to the investigation of low-temperature properties of alternative jet fuels mixed with bio-additives derived from rapeseed oil, methanol and ethanol. For this work, a modification of conventional jet fuel from rapeseed oil, methanol and ethanol was chosen to develop alternative jet fuels. The main low-temperature characteristics – freezing point and pour point of conventional jet fuel and three types of bio-additives were identified and compared with the requirements for conventional Jet A-1 fuel. The influence of bio-additives from rapeseed oil, methanol and ethanol on low-temperature characteristics of new jet fuels has been studied and explained. The necessity of studying new technologies is grounded

Selected aspects of providing the chemmotological reliability of the engineering

Transport sector is an important component of the economy that have an impact on the development and prosperity of the population. Rational use of fuels and lubricants, energy efficiency, environmental safety are included into the list of the most important problems of the modern world. Solving these problems determines in a great manner the sustainable development of the world economy and keeping comfort conditions for human being. Efficiency, reliability of operation of vehicles, rational use of operational materials depend on their correct selection. According to its quality operational materials must conform to both the model and operating conditions of vehicles. The use of poor quality materials leads to a decrease in the durability and reliability of machinery and machine parts; the use of materials of higher quality than required causes unreasonable increase in costs. The knowledge of machinery suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuels or a Lubricants. Thus, the efficiency and reliability of vehicles operation depends not only on their structural characteristics, but also on the optimal selection of Fuels and Lubricants, Technical Liquids and other Operational Materials. Work professional activity of specialists dedicated to petroleum refinery, organizing of storage, transportation and distribution of products, assurance of correspondence between the properties of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids and the conditions of operation of technology and engines aimed at obtaining maximum technical, economical, ecological and social effects is called usage of Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids. To know Fuels, Lubricants and Technical liquids is to clearly understand the interconnection of quality parameters with physico-chemical and energy processes, occurring in the process of their use under specific conditions, and also the connection with their chemical and group composition. The knowledge of technology suggest not only the knowledge of construction, kinematic, dynamic, and temperature characteristics but also physico-chemical properties of constituent materials that are necessary for analyzing and forecasting of physico-chemical processes during use of a Fuel or a Lubricant. The study of the essence, regularity (tendens) and connections of phenomena and the processes of use of Fuels, Lubricants, Technical liquids in Aviation Technology with the help of special methodological tools is the base of Aviation Chemmotology. Aviation Chemmotology is a part of Chemmotology that studies and solves the problems of ensuring the necessary quality and application requirements of Fuels and Lubricants used in Aviation Technology. Chemmotological reliability is a reliability of technology depending on the Quality of Fuels and Lubricants (the ability of technology to maintain good reliability when operated with Fuels and Lubricants grades that are of a economically reasonable quality level). This monograph as an intergative scientific work of many scholars is a striking example of the representation of these aspects and really illustrates the modern consolidated work of scientists and practitioners, trends in the development of scientific schools of different universities, different countries and science in general. Because, as is know, science does not have borders. Scientific achievements are global civilizational heritage

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF FATTY ACIDS ETHYL ESTERS PRODUCTION FOR USE AS JET FUELS BIOCOMPONENTS

The world tendency in replacement of traditional jet fuels with their alternative analogues is presented. The main technologies of jet biofuels production from plant oils are described. The main requirements to biocomponents used in jet fuels are formed. Chemical composition and properties of biocomponents produced via esterification of plant oils by ethanol were investigated. It was developed a method for physical-chemical properties of biocomponents improvemet. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown

Modification of aviation gasoline with aliphatic alcohols additives: an analytical review of prospects

The paper presents the results of analysis of the regulations of the traditional aviation fuels quality. The content of antiknock additives in these fuels has been established in the investigated fuels. The influence of aliphatic alcohols on operational, physical and chemical and environmental properties of traditional petroleum aviation fuels has been studied. The research has also investigated the use of ethyl, methyl and butyl alcohols in motor-car fuel systems in the composition of complex and pure alternative fuels in aviation. It has been confirmed that addition of aliphatic alcohols to traditional aviation fuels enables reduction of harmful emissions in the upper layers of the atmosphere. Alcohol-containing petrol is being enriched with oxygen, which enables more complete combustion of fuel and lessens emissions of carbon oxides

Experimental study on antiwear properties for blends of jet fuel with bio-components derived from rapeseed oil

Antiwear properties of jet fuel, two kinds of biocomponents derived from rapeseed oil and their mixtures were investigated experimentally. Antiwear properties were estimated by the value of the scuffing load and the limiting load of scuffing applied to the friction pair working in a fuel medium. Biocomponents, mainly rapeseed oil FAME and rapeseed oil FAME modified via vacuum distillation were used during the study. It is found that lubricity of biocomponents is significantly higher comparing to conventional jet fuel. It is explained by the chemical composition of FAME: highly polarity of molecules stipulate their good adsorption at the surface of friction pair. High viscosity of biocomponents due to chemical structure positively influence on their lubricity. Adding biocomponents into jet fuel results in strengthening of boundary film and thus improves antiwear properties of fuel blends. It is determined that FAME modified via vacuum distillation possesses better lubricating ability comparing to standard FAME derived from rapeseed oil. Correlation between viscosity and lubricity of fuel is shown

Оценка экологического влияния нефтеперерабатывающего предприятия на окружающую среду

У статті розглянуто і проаналізовано можливий вплив типового нафтопереробного підприємства на навколишнє середовище. Визначено шкідливі речовини, що викидаються в атмосферу на нафтопереробном підприємстві, їх основні джерела та причини викидів у навколишнє середовище. Виконано розрахунок валових викидів шкідливих речовин в атмосферу для підприємста нафтопереробки. Також охарактеризовані технологічні заходи щодо зниження викидів шкідливих речовин та запропоновано основні засоби для зменшення негативного впливу майбутнього нафтопереробного заводу на навколишнє середовище.The article describes and analyzes the potential impact of a typical oil refinery on the environment. Certain harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere by neftepererab consultation, their main sources and causes of releases to the environment. The calculation of gross emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere for enterprises of oil refining. Also characterized by technological measures to reduce emissions of harmful substances and provides the basic tools to reduce the negative impact of the future of the refinery on the environment.В статье рассмотрено и проанализировано возможное влияние типового нефтеперерабатывающего предприятия на окружающую среду. Определены вредные вещества, выбрасываемые в атмосферу на нафтопереробном предприятии, их основные источники и причины выбросов в окружающую среду. Выполнен расчет валовых выбросов вредных веществ в атмосферу для предприятия нефтепереработки. Также охарактеризованы технологические мероприятия по снижению выбросов вредных веществ и предложены основные средства для уменьшения негативного влияния будущего нефтеперерабатывающего завода на окружающую среду