ジョシダイガクセイノキャリアプラント「ジリツ」ノカンレンーシンリテキ・シャカイテキ・ケイザイテキソクメンヲフクメテー

本研究は、女子大学生の将来のキャリアプランと心理的・社会的・経済的な自立の関連を検討することが目的であった。３６５名の女子大学生を対象に彼女らのキャリアプランと自立、職業観、依存的自己愛の関連について分析した結果、結婚・出産後も就労継続を予定する人は、自立尺度の下位尺度である『社会的関心』得点と『生活身辺処理』得点が有意に高いという結果が得られた。一方、出産せずに就労継続を予定する人は、自立尺度の『協調的対人関係』得点と『親子の信頼関係』得点、および、職業観尺度の『人間関係』得点が有意に低いという傾向が見られた。さらに、自立尺度の『主体的自己』や『経済的自活』は本来、就労継続に関連する要因と考えられるが、本研究ではキャリアプランとの関連は見られなかった。以上のことから、女子大学生を対象に、自立とエンパワーメントを促すような、女性のためのキャリア教育が必要であると考えられる。The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between career-plan choices of female college students and their psychological, social and economic independence. This research on 365 female college students examined the relationship among their career-plan choices, independence, occupational values and pathological narcissism (dependence). As a result, students hoping to continue working after marriage and childhearing showed strong \u27social interests\u27 and \u27self care activity\u27 of the independence scale, while career-oriented students with no intention to childhearing displayed weak \u27cooperative human relationships\u27 and \u27parent-child relationships of trust\u27 of the independence scale, and also weak \u27human relationships\u27 of the occupational values scale. The result suggested career education which focuses on empowering students to establish their independence

Characterization of hepatitis B virus with complex structural variations

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most serious public health issues. Recent HBV genetic research has revealed novel genetic rearrangements termed complex structural variations (SVs), which are composed of combinations of SVs such as insertions, deletions, and duplications. An extensive search was made for complex SVs of HBV and their characteristics were analyzed. Results Fifty-five HBV strains with complex SVs were identified by analyzing genetic sequences of HBV with bioinformatical tools. Along with 15 HBV strains with complex SVs in a previous report, a total of 70 HBV strains harboring complex SVs were analyzed. Complex SVs in the HBV genome were located frequently between nt 1500 and 2000. Insertions were observed in 65/70 (92.9%) of HBV strains with complex SVs. As insertional motif sequences, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 binding site, a sequence complementary to part of box α in enhancer II, and insertions of unknown origins were observed. The complex SVs were classified into six groups, and combination of insertion and deletion was observed more frequently than other patterns. Conclusion Through an extensive search of HBV sequences, new strains with complex SVs were identified in this study. Characteristics of HBV with complex SVs were clarified by the analysis of 70 HBV strains harboring complex SVs. Further investigation is required to elucidate its role in pathogenesis of HBV-related liver disease

Validation of cross-genotype neutralization by hepatitis B virus-specific monoclonal antibodies by in vitro and in vivo infection.

Vaccines based on hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype A have been used worldwide for immunoprophylaxis and are thought to prevent infections by non-A HBV strains effectively, whereas, vaccines generated from genotype C have been used in several Asian countries, including Japan and Korea, where HBV genotype C is prevalent. However, acute hepatitis B caused by HBV genotype A infection has been increasing in Japan and little is known about the efficacy of immunization with genotype C-based vaccines against non-C infection. We have isolated human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from individuals who were immunized with the genotype C-based vaccine. In this study, the efficacies of these two mAbs, HB0116 and HB0478, were analyzed using in vivo and in vitro models of HBV infection. Intravenous inoculation of HBV genotype C into chimeric mice with human hepatocytes resulted in the establishment of HBV infection after five weeks, whereas preincubation of the inocula with HB0116 or HB0478 protected chimeric mice from genotype C infection completely. Interestingly, both HB0116 and HB0478 were found to block completely genotype A infection. Moreover, infection by a genotype C strain with an immune escape substitution of amino acid 145 in the hepatitis B surface protein was also completely inhibited by incubation with HB0478. Finally, in vitro analysis of dose dependency revealed that the amounts of HB0478 required for complete protection against genotype C and genotype A infection were 5.5 mIU and 55 mIU, respectively. These results suggested that genotype C-based vaccines have ability to induce cross-genotype immunity against HBV infection

Binding capacity of mAbs HB0116 and HB0478 against with gt-C and gt-A HBsAg and the G145R variant.

<p><b>(A)</b> Binding of mAbs HB0116 and HB0478 to synthetic peptides covering the first external loop of small-HBsAg was demonstrated by ELISA. The sequences of the recombinant peptides used in the analysis are shown above: amino acids which vary between genotype C (gt-C) and genotype A (gt-A) are indicated in bold. The absorbance at 405 nm is shown on the Y axis. Average data of three independent experiments are shown. <b>(B)</b> The gt-C, gt-A, and G145R virions were immunoprecipitated with HB0116 or HB0478 and HBsAg in the precipitates was detected by Western blotting. Recombinant HBsAg protein was used as the positive control (P lane). Representative data of three independent experiments are shown.</p

Titration of neutralization of gt-C and gt-A infection by mAb HB0478.

<p>HBV gt-C and gt-A were preincubated for 2 hours with 670 ng of control human IgG (cIgG), 100 mIU of HBIG, or 670, 67, 6.7 or 0.67 ng HB0478 (corresponding to 550, 55, 5.5, and 0.55 mIU) and PHHs were inoculated with the products at 10 genomes per cell. The Y-axis depicts the levels of extracellular HBV DNA in the supernatant harvested on 12 days post infection. Asterisks indicate values under the detection limit.</p

In vivo neutralization of HBV infection by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).

<p>n.d.: not detected.</p><p>In vivo neutralization of HBV infection by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).</p

In vitro HBV infection model using PHHs isolated from chimeric mice with human hepatocytes.

<p><b>(A)</b> PHHs were inoculated with HBV gt-C at 5 genomes per cell in the presence of PEG and intracellular pregenomic RNA, intracellular HBV DNA, extracellular HBV DNA and extracellular HBsAg were monitored by real-time quantitative PCR, or by automated ELISA. dpi, days post infection. <b>(B)</b> 20 μg of total DNA was extracted from PHHs 22 days after infection with HBV and analyzed by Southern blotting. Single-stranded HBV DNA (ss), a replication intermediate, and relaxed circular HBV DNA (rc) were detected. <b>(C)</b> Freshly prepared PHHs were inoculated with the day 52 supernatant from other HBV-infected PHHs. HBsAg secretion was monitored. <b>(D)</b> The use of PEG on HBV infection could mask the specificity of neutralization of HBV infection. Residual HBV infection was observed when PHHs were inoculated with a mixture of HBV and HBIG in the presence of PEG. An asterisk indicates a value below detection limit. <b>(E)</b> The efficacy of HBV infection without PEG was proportional to the size of the inoculum.</p