The Nexus between Carbon Emissions and Per Capita Income of Households: Evidence from Japanese Prefectures

Household consumption is influenced by various factors. Despite this, the intricate nature of consumption behaviors and the lack of comprehensive data from the supply chain have led to an incomplete recognition of the attributes contributing to home emissions at the city level. Through the analysis of city-level household consumption in relation to energy demand, utilizing a city-scale input-output model and urban residential consumption inventories, this study considers the environmental responsibility inherent in residential consumption for Japanese Prefectures, this study reveals that variations in this responsibility based on household type and season. Various factors are taken into account when examining emissions by age and month, including emission type, source, fuel variety, and consumption items for the period 2013-2022. These assertions stem from emissions data computed using the system boundary method. The connection between residential emissions and GDP is also explored through regression analysis. We uncovered evidence indicating that carbon emissions in Japan fluctuate with the seasons and across diverse categories. These statistics illustrate a notable discrepancy in the regional distribution of carbon emissions, owing to evident variations in consumption rates and patterns.</p

Unleashing the pandemic volatility::A glimpse into the stock market performance of developed economies during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant financial losses globally, increasing the volatility of financial assets. Thus, this study models the stock market volatility of developed economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, we used the GJR-GARCH (Albulescu, 2020; Albulescu, 2020) [1,1] econometric model on the daily time series returns data ranging from 01st-July-2019 to 18th-November-2020. The entire dataset was equally divided into two subsets; before COVID-19, and after the COVID-19. The empirical results of this study showed the presence of volatility clustering, leverage effect, and excess kurtosis indicating leptokurtic phenomena in all stock indices returns. In addition to this, it can be noted that compared to before COVID-19, the stock markets showed negative returns, and increased volatility during the COVID-19. Hence, based on these findings, this study provides significant insights for global stock market investors and economic policymakers regarding financial portfolio construction particularly during crises times

Unbridling the Economic Growth and Environmental Nexus in Pakistan

The Kuznets Curve framework is used in this study to examine the complex relationship between economic growth and environmental impact in Pakistan. The study employs descriptive statistics, pairwise correlations, and regression analysis to uncover intricate relationships among crucial variables such as pollution, environmental performance, GDP, income, and taxation. The results underscore the complex trade-offs and non-linear connections that exist within these relationships, underscoring the importance of informed policy choices in order to attain sustainable development that effectively reconciles economic advancement and environmental preservation within the specific context of Pakistan.

The Impact of Investment, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Urbanisation, and Tourism on Carbon Emissions: Global Evidence

Examining urbanisation and tourism from the perspective of global Sustainable Development Goals is essential for achievinga balance between environmental protection and economic growth in the world's most polluted nations. Moreover, most polluted countries pay more attention to the nature of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to achieve a sustainableenvironment. This study intends to explore the impacts of FDI, tourism, urbanization, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions using panel data for the top ten most polluted nations for the period from 2000 to 2019. To guide empirical testing,the panel unit root tests LLC and IPS are used. The outcomes of LLC and IPS advise FM-OLS application on how to accomplish the goals. The findings provide proof of how FDI and other factors affect carbon emissions (CE). Particularly, renewable energy consumption (REC) has a detrimental but minor effect on CE. For the panel of developing nations, FDI had a favourable and significant effect on CE along with economic growth, tourism, and urbanization. The expansion of cities isalso harming nature and ecological footprints. These findings are alarming as all factors cause CE under consideration thatleads to the deterioration of the environment. Therefore, more environmental rules should be put into place to reduce CE, draw in clean FDI, and encourage quality-oriented investment in selected nations. Second, it is important to ensure the deployment of green technology and the upgrading of urbanized structures. The government can take several actions against the use of polluting goods and vehicles in urban areas, and any polluting industries should also be outlawed in such residential areas

Costs of Globalization

Globalization has both costs and benefits. In this paper we would focus upon one of the damages of globalization to China. It is said that inward FDI replaces local domestic capabilities in import-substitution countries. In the case of China the Chinese domesticindustries are lacking technological innovations because of heavy reliance upon FDI. Most of the Chinese exports of electronics are carried under FDI whereas in Korea and Japan they are indigenously-driven. In 1960s, Korea received foreign capital in the formof loans but it denied the entrance to foreign firms. Korea followed the Japanese model by quickly mastering the foreign technology rather than letting foreign firms to establish local subsidiaries and to decide the speed and scope of technology diffusion. Korea andJapan adopted the techno-nationalist policies for attaining autonomous domestic innovated industries. By restricting FDI, Korea and Japan were able to maintain their management independent of Multi-National Companies. In this paper we would try to analyze that whether China’s policy of reliance upon FDI is a success or a debacle by comparing it with Korea and Japan

Nexus between foreign remittances and poverty alleviation: Empirical investigation of Tajikistan from Central Asia

AbstractRemittances have become an increasingly important source of external financing for the low-income countries of Central Asia. The impact of Foreign remittances upon poverty alleviation has received substantial importance in academic writings, but very few studies have investigated the Central Asian region. Tajikistan was one of the poorest state of the former Soviet Republics, and it was further devastated by the twin shocks of the post-Soviet transition in 1991 and the civil war from to 1992–1997. The labors of Tajikistan mainly migrate to Russia and other countries of Central Asia for earning their livelihoods. The remittances from Russia to Tajikistan amounted to approximately $ 2.5 Billion in 2019 (accounting for 33% of their GDP). In this study we explored the impact of remittances on poverty alleviation of Tajikistan by taking the data for the variables like remittances, poverty size, capital formation, Per Capita GDP, inflation, and unemployment. We took the data from the World Development Bank Indicators for the time period 2010–2019. Initially, we ran the diagnostic tests including the unit root test for stationarity, the Pearson correlation test for multicollinearity, the Bruesch-Pagan/Cook-Weisberg test for heteroscedasticity, and the Wooldridge test for autocorrelation. After running the diagnostic test we applied the gowth-poverty model for gauging the relationship between the remittances and the poverty and we found a significant negative relationship between foreign remittances and poverty alleviation in case of Tajikistan

Natural resources governance and conflicts: Retrospective analysis

Rapid increases in natural resources globally during the 1970s have had far-reaching environmental consequences. The rising exploitation of environmental assets has progressively detrimental societal effects. Therefore, the current study aims to identify the nexus between natural resources and governance conflicts while assessing the role of governance in natural resource management. The results identify three significant categories of governance challenges (associated with capacity, connectivity, and knowledge) and three domains of good governance (effectiveness, involvement, and efficiency). The results highlighted that developing countries would likely need more decision-making power, financial and human resources, leadership on crucial resource challenges, and conflict resolution mechanisms. On the contrary, research into natural resource management governance structures in industrialized countries has often shown problems with policy clarity and the alignment of stakeholder institutions' goals and aims. The study adds to the existing literature by summarizing new organizational capacities and governance frameworks essential for better natural resource management

Riding the waves: A study of retrun spillovers and inter-sector linkages in US equity markets during the COVID-19 pandemic

In times of crisis, stock markets experience a significant increase in return volatility, which leads to spillovers across equity sectors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the asymmetric spillovers across ten U.S. equity sectors, representing different industries. Daily prices of sector indices were collected from 02 January 2018 to 22 October 2021 for the analysis. In addition, the study applied Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012) dynamic spillover methodology, along with the static and rolling windows phenomena, to examine the daily returns spillovers across sector indices. The results indicate that 82 % of volatility forecast error variance in U.S sector indices is due to the spillover effect. Moreover, both industrials and financials exhibit the highest gross spillovers to other sectors, while they also receive the highest spillovers from other sectors. Furthermore, the oil and gas sector and utilities sector receive the highest net returns spillovers. These empirical findings provide crucial information regarding the interdependence of U.S. sector indices during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is relevant for investors and practitioners

Unbridling the Economic Growth and Environmental Nexus in Pakistan

The Kuznets Curve framework is used in this study to examine the complex relationship between economic growth and environmental impact in Pakistan. The study employs descriptive statistics, pairwise correlations, and regression analysis to uncover intricate relationships among crucial variables such as pollution, environmental performance, GDP, income, and taxation fort he period of 1980-2022. The results underscore the complex trade-offs and non-linear connections that exist within these relationships, underscoring the importance of informed policy choices in order to attain sustainable development that effectively reconciles economic advancement and environmental preservation within the specific context of Pakistan.</p