Got Breadfruit? Marshallese Foodways and Culture in Springdale, Arkansas

Understanding human food choices is essential in the examination of cultural knowledge and decision-making among members of any ethnic group. Ethnographic and cognitive anthropology methods, including a novel calculation of cognitive salience, were used in this study to explore the domain of traditional Marshallese foods in Springdale, Arkansas. Springdale is home to the highest population of Marshallese people outside of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI); the population is expected to rise as people continue to migrate from the RMI because of global climate change and other factors such as family ties. Studies of traditional foodways are increasingly crucial in social science because they offer a relevant lens for examining beliefs, behaviors, and other biocultural elements binding people together. This study is the first to examine traditional Marshallese foods in the diasporic context. It is also significant from health and nutritional perspectives because Marshallese people are at high risk for diet related diseases, such as type II diabetes. Breadfruit, long a standard starchy staple of Marshallese cuisine, was discovered to be the most important and socially shared traditional Marshallese food. Although breadfruit is gaining popularity in Western markets as a healthy superfood on par with kale and açaí, it is not yet readily available for purchase in Springdale. The practice of substituting higher-Glycemic Index (GI) white rice for lower-GI breadfruit began in the RMI during the 1930s and has carried over to the Springdale community today, where 46.5% of Marshallese adults have type II diabetes (a disease associated with higher dietary GI). The fact that breadfruit has such high cultural value and salience, despite infrequent consumption, represents Marshallese concepts of dietary change and constancy. Ultimately, the results of this work serve to illustrate how human diasporic groups adapt and respond to dramatic socio-ecological changes and challenges through culturally-constructed food beliefs, preferences, and consumption patterns

Public and private experiences : Chilean men and women from popular unity to exile

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D43935/82 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

\u3cem\u3eLas Dos Cosas\u3c/em\u3e versus Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Culturally and Linguistically Exploratory Intervention Study in Hispanic Mothers Living in Kentucky

INTRODUCTION: Formula supplementation among infants of breastfeeding Hispanic immigrants is common practice known as las dos cosas. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of a culturally and linguistically diverse intervention to promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months. METHODS: A sample of 39 Hispanic pregnant women was recruited and randomly assigned to intervention (n = 20) and control groups (n = 19). The intervention included a peer counselor and professional support, and mothers were followed from pregnancy to 6 months after birth. RESULTS: After the study, women assigned to the intervention group were over three times more likely to EBF their baby through all four postpartum assessed time points (odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-8.7). DISCUSSION: This culturally and linguistically diverse intervention contributed to increased EBF duration and decreased formula supplementation in Hispanic mothers up to 6 months postpartum

Feeding specific amino acids to increase redberry juniper consumption by goats

Redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchotii Sudw.) is a chemically defended, invasive brush species in western states. Previous research has demonstrated that goats supplemented with escape protein sources will consume a higher volume of juniper. In this study I attempted to increase the intake of juniper by recently weaned, Boer-Spanish cross goats (n = 30) by randomly placing them into four treatments and a control, and supplementing each treatment group with one of the following amino acids: arginine, proline, leucine, and glutamine. Treatments did not have a significant effect on juniper intake (P > 0.05). All goats increased intake over time (P > 0.05). Goats exhibited significant weight gain over the course of the study (P < 0.05). Blood serum metabolites were within normal limits. Future studies on escape protein supplementation may provide a better understanding of small ruminant physiology in relationship to intake of juniper

Receptors for Insulin-Like Growth Factor-2 and Androgens as Therapeutic Targets in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) occurs in 10-15% of all breast cancer patients, yet it accounts for about half of all breast cancer deaths. There is an urgent need to identify new antitumor targets to provide additional treatment options for patients afflicted with this aggressive disease. Preclinical evidence suggests a critical role for insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) and androgen receptor (AR) in regulating TNBC progression. To advance this work, a panel of TNBC cell lines was investigated with all cell lines showing significant expression of IGF2. Treatment with IGF2 stimulated cell proliferation in vitro (p &lt; 0.05). Importantly, combination treatments with IGF1R inhibitors BMS-754807 and NVP-AEW541 elicited significant inhibition of TNBC cell proliferation (p &lt; 0.001). Based on Annexin-V binding assays, BMS-754807, NVP-AEW541 and enzalutamide induced TNBC cell death (p &lt; 0.005). Additionally, combination of enzalutamide with BMS-754807 or NVP-AEW541 exerted significant reductions in TNBC proliferation even in cells with low AR expression (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, NVP-AEW541 and BMS-754807 reduced AR levels in BT549 TNBC cells. These results provide evidence that IGF2 promotes TNBC cell viability and proliferation, while inhibition of IGF1R/IR and AR pathways contribute to blockade of TNBC proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in vitro

Use of randomisation in clinical trials : a survey of UK practice

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Electroactive nanoarrays for the biospecific-ligand mediated study of single cell adhesion and polarization

Cell adhesion, polarization, and migration are vital to numerous biological phenomena. Therefore, a greater understanding of the mechanisms of these processes will have broad impacts in fields ranging from developmental biology to medicine. This work has focused on developing a nanoscale model system that will allow one to study the effect of the spatial presentation of immobilized ligands on the nanoarchitecture of adherent cells. In Chapter 2, the development of electroactive nanoarrays of hydroquinone-terminated alkanethiol, produced by dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is described. These nanoarrays, in conjunction with an oxime-chemistry based chemoselective immobilization strategy and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, were used to study biospecific-ligand mediated single cell adhesion. The difference in ligand affinity of linear and cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was shown to have a dramatic affect on the intracellular nanoarchitecture of adherent fibroblasts. The production of asymmetric nanoarrays used to study single cell polarization is described in Chapter 3. Asymmetric nanoarrays presenting linear RGD were found to induce net directional cell polarization in adherent fibroblasts, while linear RGD-presenting symmetric nanoarrays did not induce net polarity. This demonstrates a direct correlation between the spatial distribution of cell adhesive ligand and the establishment and maintenance of directional cell polarization. In addition, there was no net directional cell polarity found on asymmetric nanoarrays presenting a higher affinity ligand cyclic RGD, indicating that ligand affinity also has a profound effect on cell polarization. The relationship between ligand affinity and spatial distribution of immobilized ligand was further explored through double asymmetric nanoarrays presenting cyclic RGD, which were shown to impose directional cell polarization. In order to extend this methodology to examine other aspects of cell adhesion and polarization on electroactive nanoarrays other methods of visualization were considered. There have been conflicting reports regarding the use of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to visualize cells near thin metal layers. In Chapter 4, it was determined that TIRFM is an effective method to examine intercellular structures of cells adhered to patterned SAMs on gold surfaces. This was demonstrated through the use of microcontact printing and DPN patterning methods. Future applications of this research are presented in Chapter 5

Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NCCAH) Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: Clinical Management and Genetic Counseling of Two Portuguese Families

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-Hydroxylase deficiency occurs in 90-95% of cases, being a common autosomal recessive condition that can present with a wide range of hyperandrogenemic signs in childhood or adulthood. Severity of this disease is correlated with the enzymatic blockade of 21-Hydroxylase which depends of the mutation in gene CYP21A2. Two clinical forms are possible: classic, subdivided in salt-wasting and simple virilizing form (severe) and nonclassic or late onset (less severe). Aims: We studied two portuguese families with NCCAH due to 21-Hidroxilase deficiency in order to improve clinical management and genetic counseling of their members. Methods: Clinical presentation and hormonal assays (including test of tetracosactide) were performed in index cases (IC) . Genomic DNA of each family member was sequenced for the 9 most frequent mutations in CYP21A2. Total deletion of CYP21A , conversion in non functioning CYP21A1P or CYP21A1P_ CYP21A2 quimeras were also analyzed by enzymatic restriction. Results: Family 1- IC: Female, 31 years old with NCCAH diagnosed at age 6 , after investigation of precocious pubarche and with test of tetracosactide positive (17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone levels > 10-15 ng/ml) . Molecular study of CYP21A2 showed a mutation g.1683G> T , homozygous , in CYP21A2 and a non functioning allele of CYP21A2 , heterozygous (non severe 21-Hidroxilase deficiency). Mother was carrying a non functioning allele of CYP21A2 , heterozygous (severe); Father, Brother and Partner were heterozygous for mutation g.1683G> T (non severe). Family 2- IC: Female, 45 years old presenting hirsutism and oligoamenorrhea at age 35 and with test of tetracosactide positive confirming NCCAH Genetic study identified mutation g.1683G> T (less severe) in a copy and g.655A/C>G in another copy (splicing mutation severe). Familial genetic study identified two sisters (age 36 and age 40), asymptomatic but with pathologic genotype confirming NCCAH.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Grizzly, February 28, 1980

Craft Reports On College Concerns • Friedmann Reports On Ruby Progress • USGA Commission Pursues Energy Costs • Editor-in-Chief Applications Available • USGA Notes • Lindback Nominations Requested • Letters to the Editor • Sculpture Forum • Ursinus Grad\u27s Winning Positions • Gifford Takes Top MAC Honors • Interest Inventory • Baseball Season Preview • Gymnastics Concludes Season • Marathon Played For Special Olympicshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1035/thumbnail.jp