Comparative study of chlorhexidine dressings versus simple gauze dressings in midline laparotomy wound

Background: Wound infections are the most common complication of surgery that adds significantly to the morbidity of the patient and the cost of the treatment. Most of the surgical site infections are preventable. Dressing is an active element of wound management, designed to control infection and promote healing. This study was done to compare clinical efficacy of normal gauze dressings versus chlorhexidine dressings in midline laparotomy wounds.Methods: Patients with midline laparotomy incision were randomized to receive either gauze or chlorhexidine dressings. Bacterial colonization, post- operative fever, frequency of infection, change of dressings, hospital stay and postoperative pain were assessed at the start of treatment and at weekly intervals until full healing occurred.Results: A total of 128 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups viz chlorhexidine group (Group A) and Simple gauze group (Group B) with 64 patients each. Wound cultures, change of antibiotics, post-operative soakage, median hospital stay duration, postoperative pain, post- operative wound infection, and follow up visits for wound healing were compared between two groups A and B and statistical significance established.Conclusions: The analysis of wound culture, fever incidence and frequency of infection on Chlorhexidine dressings showed decreasing trends compared to traditional dressings

Synthesis of 11-(Piperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e] [1,4]diazepine on Kilo Scale

Abstract: A synthesis of 11-(piperazin-1yl)-5H-dibenzo [b,e][1,4]diazepine on kilo scale without any chromatographic purification step is reported. Key steps involved are Ullmann condensation, catalytic hydrogenation, and catalyzed cyclization

Ecofriendly synthesis of some benzothiazoles containing acridine moiety and their antimicrobial acitivity

833-836Syntheses of benzothiazoles containing acridine moiety have been attempted by employing microwave irradiation method. (Acridin-9-yl-amino)-acetic acid N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-hydrazides have been achieved by intramolecular oxidative cyclisation of (acridin-9-yl-amino)-acetic acid N-(N’-aryl-thioamido)-hydrazides using bromine in acetic acid. The required hydrazides have been synthesized by the interaction of (acridin-9-yl-amino)-acetic acid hydrazides with N-aryl isothiocyanates under microwave condition at 800 W. The structural elucidations of synthesised compounds have been performed by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. The developed route is found to be satisfactory with improved yields, easy work-up and no environmental pollution. All the compounds have been found to possess potent antimicrobial response

Synthesis, antituberculosis and antimicrobial study of some new aminoacridine linked pyrazoles

1531-1535Synthesis of heterocycles containing pyrazole linked to acridine chromophore has been studied and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acridin-9-yl-(5-methyl-2-aryl)-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-ylidene)-amine and [5-(acridin-9-yl-imino)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-pyridin-4-yl/aryl-methanone have been prepared by cyclocondensation reaction of N-acridin-9-yl-3-oxo-butyramide with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol at room temperature. The title compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial potency against some selected microorganisms to set-up structure activity relationship. All the compounds are found to have potent antimicrobial response. The structural elucidation of synthesised compounds has been performed by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic data besides elemental analysis. The products are obtained by a simple methodology and in good yields

Comparative study of chlorhexidine dressings versus simple gauze dressings in midline laparotomy wound

Background: Wound infections are the most common complication of surgery that adds significantly to the morbidity of the patient and the cost of the treatment. Most of the surgical site infections are preventable. Dressing is an active element of wound management, designed to control infection and promote healing. This study was done to compare clinical efficacy of normal gauze dressings versus chlorhexidine dressings in midline laparotomy wounds.Methods: Patients with midline laparotomy incision were randomized to receive either gauze or chlorhexidine dressings. Bacterial colonization, post- operative fever, frequency of infection, change of dressings, hospital stay and postoperative pain were assessed at the start of treatment and at weekly intervals until full healing occurred.Results: A total of 128 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups viz chlorhexidine group (Group A) and Simple gauze group (Group B) with 64 patients each. Wound cultures, change of antibiotics, post-operative soakage, median hospital stay duration, postoperative pain, post- operative wound infection, and follow up visits for wound healing were compared between two groups A and B and statistical significance established.Conclusions: The analysis of wound culture, fever incidence and frequency of infection on Chlorhexidine dressings showed decreasing trends compared to traditional dressings

Incidence and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Hypertensive Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Update from Tertiary Care Center of Central India

Introduction: We evaluated the incidence and clinical outcome of patients with hypertensive acute ischemic stroke (AIS) admitted to a tertiary care center in Central India. In addition, we examined the status of stroke biomarkers namely neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial specific protein (S-100ββ), and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4(ITIH4) in the serum of patients suffering from AIS with hypertension (HTN) and without HTN. Methods: A total of 104 patients with AIS were enrolled for the study. Clinical outcome and stroke biomarker levels were evaluated in them at the time of hospital discharge and then followed at 12 months and 18 months after hospital discharge.  Results: HTN is a major risk factor associated with 67%(70.104) of patients with AIS. Multivariate analysis suggests higher odds of 4.088(95%Cl, 0.721–23.179) and 2.437(95%Cl, 0.721–23.179) for 12 and 18 months outcome in patients with AIS and HTN, respectively. Serum NSE and S-100ββ decreased at the time of discharge as compared to admission level in improved patients suffering from AIS with or without HTN, whereas levels of ITIH4 peptides 2 and 7 increased at the time of discharge (compared to its admission level) only in improved patients with AIS regardless of HTN or non-HTN condition. Conclusion: HTN is one of the major risk factors associated with higher risk of AIS as well as long-term unfavourable outcome after AIS in Central India region. NSE, S-100ββ, and ITIH4 were found to be independent predictors of outcome in patients with AIS irrespective of HTN and non-HTN condition

Differential Levels of Alpha-2-Macroglobulin, Haptoglobin and Sero-Transferrin as Adjunct Markers for TB Diagnosis and Disease Progression in the Malnourished Tribal Population of Melghat, India

<div><p>Lack of diagnostic capacity has been a crucial barrier preventing an effective response to the challenges of malnutrition and tuberculosis (TB). Point-of-care diagnostic tests for TB in immuno-incompetent, malnourished population are thus needed to ensure rapid and accurate detection. The aim of the study was to identify potential biomarkers specific for TB infection and progression to overt disease in the malnourished population of Melghat. A prospective cohort study was conducted in the year 2009 through 2011 in six villages of the Melghat region. 275 participants consisting of malnourished cases with a) active TB (n = 32), b) latent TB infection (n = 90), c) with no clinical or bacteriological signs of active or latent TB (n = 130) and healthy control subjects (n = 23) were recruited for the study. The proteome changes of the host serum in response to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M</i>.<i>tb</i>) infection were investigated using one dimensional electrophoresis in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Three most differentially expressed proteins; alpha-2-macroglobulin (A-2-M), sero-transferrin and haptoglobin were identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, which were up-regulated in the malnourished patients with active TB and down-regulated in the malnourished patients compared with the healthy controls. Additionally, follow-up studies indicated that the expression of these proteins increased to nearly two folds in patients who developed active disease from latent state. Our preliminary results suggest that A-2-M, sero-transferrin and haptoglobin may be clinically relevant host biomarkers for TB diagnosis and disease progression in the malnourished population. This study provides preliminary framework for an in-depth analysis of the biomarkers in larger well-characterized cohorts. Evaluation of these biomarkers in follow-up cases may further aid in improving TB diagnosis.</p></div

Baseline characteristics of population under study.

<p>Characteristics of 275 subjects with the number of positive responders for each category are presented in the table. Percentages are indicated in parentheses. The statistical variance between groups was calculated using Chi squared test and p value. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was done using MedCalc statistical software (version 10.1.2.0).</p><p>Df, Degrees of freedom.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of population under study.</p