La naissance de la culture d’après la phénoménologie de la vie de Michel Henry

Nous pouvons distinguer chez Michel Henry « phénoménologie de la vie » et « phénoménologie de la culture » comme étant opposées à la « phénoménologie de la nature ». Avant d’être objective et naturelle, la réalité est toujours vitale et pathétique, et son apparaître sous la forme d’une culture est son mode d’être originel. Par conséquent, la « phénoménologie de la vie », phénoménologie qui, en comprenant ainsi la réalité, cherche dans la vie le fondement de cette réalité toujours apparaissant en tant qu’originairement culturelle, devrait être entendue comme « phénoménologie de la culture ». Dans cette perspective, nous prendrons ici la phénoménologie henryenne comme « phénoménologie de la culture » et on tentera de savoir comment elle comprend la naissance de la culture à partir de la vie, autrement dit, comment elle conçoit la naissance de la culture qui ne fait qu’une avec l’auto-engendrement de la vie

Quality and safety issues related to traditional animal medicine: role of taurine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Calculus Bovis</it> (:<it>C.Bovis</it>) is one of the most precious and commonly-used medicinal materials in Japan and China. As the natural occurrence is very rare, a source of supply for <it>C. Bovis</it> is far behind the actual need and great efforts have been taken for some substitutes of natural <it>C. Bovis</it>. Unfortunately, very little information is available on the quality and/or clinical efficacy of medication based on <it>C. Bovis</it>. To ensure sustainable use of traditional therapeutic agents derived from <it>C. Bovis</it>, we felt that several issues needed to be addressed: 1) the source of the <it>C. Bovis</it> materials and quality control; 2) the role of taurine in the efficacy of <it>C. Bovis</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine samples of natural <it>C. Bovis</it> and its substitutes were collected. ICP-MS was used for elemental analysis and the characterization was performed by principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) as multivariate approaches. The efficacy of <it>C. Bovis</it> was evaluated for morphology, viability and beating pattern on cultured cardiac myocytes and/or fibroblasts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>PCA and multi-elemental focus was effective in discriminating <it>C. Bovis</it> samples derived from different habitats. A satisfactory classification using SIMCA was obtained among Australia <it>C. Bovis</it>, other habitats and the substitutes. Australian samples had better batch uniformity than other habitats and were composed of fewer elements. We have used Australian<it> C. Bovis</it> for assessment on its bioactive compounds. Rat cardiac cells incubated with <it>C. Bovis</it> extract (0.01-0.1mg/ml) maintained normal morphology, viability and beating pattern. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts treated for 48 h with CA (0.5mM) or DCA (0.1mM) caused cell injury, as reflected by changes in appearance and a reduction of viability detected by the MTS assay. In cardiomyocytes, 0.5 h exposure of CA (0.5mM) markedly decreased the velocity ratio of beating, whereas the simultaneous addition of 1 mM taurine largely prevented the decrease.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The multi-elemental focus provided some references for the quality control and the efficacy of <it>C. Bovis</it>. Taurine partly attenuated the harmful actions of bile acids. It is plausible that the relationship between taurine and the bile acids contributes to therapeutic effect of <it>C. Bovis</it>.</p

Que vent dire le Cogito? : La définition du Cogito chez Merleau-Ponty et Henry

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Que vent dire le Cogito? : La définition du Cogito chez Merleau-Ponty et Henry

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